What is an AV fistula?

For long-term hemodialysis, the best means to access the blood stream is by an AV fistula. Placement of plastic dialysis catheters increases the risk of infection at the site of insertion, leading to damage and narrowing of the lining of the blood vessels, and the blood vessel becomes incompatible for further insertion of plastic catheters. With the creation of an AV fistula, adverse outcomes in the blood vessels are eliminated. Patients seeking expert care can visit AV Fistula Hospital in Bangalore for safe and effective AV fistula creation and management.

How is an AV fistula created?

• An operation is required to create an AV fistula, which is carried out under general/local anesthesia. The surgery generally takes around 2 hours.
• A cut or incision is made in the patient’s arm, which can be either towards the wrist or at the inside part of the elbow.
• 2-4 centimeters long incision or cut is made in the wrist and the elbow, respectively.
• If the creation of a fistula is not possible from the veins of the arm, a section of the vein can be harvested from elsewhere, or an artificial blood vessel can be used to create the fistula. Though the fistulas function in the same way, the procedure for grafting and the creation of an artificial fistula takes a longer time.
• The fistula which is created will generally take about 6 weeks or more to mature. There might be a feeling of changes in the circulation in the arm. Any feeling of coldness or pain after the creation of the fistula should be reported to the doctor.

How is an AV Fistula taken care of?

• Firstly, maximum care should be taken during the creation of an AV fistula.
• The arm is generally wrapped with a soft dressing to keep it warm.
• To avoid dehydration, which forms clots that can further block the fistula, the patient’s dry weight is slightly increased during hemodialysis.
• Aspirin is later administered, which further reduces the chances of the fistula clotting.

FAQs

1. What is an AV fistula and why is it important for dialysis?

An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a connection made between an artery and a vein, usually in the arm. It allows blood to flow quickly and safely to a dialysis machine. AV fistulas are the preferred access for long-term haemodialysis because they are durable and have fewer complications than catheters.

2. Where can I get AV fistula surgery in Bangalore?

Sakra World Hospital offers AV fistula creation performed by experienced nephrologists and vascular surgeons. The hospital provides comprehensive care before and after surgery to ensure the best outcomes for dialysis patients.

3. How long does it take for an AV fistula to mature?

After surgery, an AV fistula usually takes 6 to 12 weeks to mature before it can be used for dialysis. Doctors monitor its growth and blood flow to make sure it is ready for regular use.

4. What are the risks and complications of AV fistula creation?

AV fistula surgery is generally safe, but possible risks include:

• Infection at the surgical site
• Swelling or bruising
• Narrowing or blockage of the fistula
• Bleeding or clot formation

Regular follow-up helps detect and manage these complications early.

5. How should patients care for an AV fistula after surgery?

• Avoid heavy lifting with the arm that has the fistula
• Check for proper blood flow daily (feel for a “thrill” or vibration)
• Keep the area clean and dry
• Report any redness, swelling, or pain to your doctor immediately

Sakra Hospital provides guidance and training to patients to maintain their AV fistula safely for long-term dialysis.