Internal Medicine Procedure

10 Benefits of Kiwi Fruit

Kiwi fruit, also known as Chinese gooseberry, is a small, nutrient-dense fruit renowned for its vibrant green flesh and unique taste. Rich in vitamins C, K, and E, along with dietary fiber, folate, and antioxidants, kiwi offers numerous health benefits. 
Its potent nutrient profile supports immune function, aids digestion, improves skin health, and enhances heart health.

Additionally, kiwi's low-calorie content and high fiber make it an excellent choice for weight management. Regular consumption of kiwi can contribute to overall well-being, making it a valuable addition to a balanced diet.

Kiwi Nutritional Value

Kiwi fruit is a nutritional powerhouse, packing a substantial amount of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants into its small size:

• Vitamins: Kiwi fruit is exceptionally high in vitamin C, containing even more per serving than oranges. It also provides vitamin K, vitamin E, and folate.
• Minerals: It is a good source of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, important for maintaining electrolyte balance, muscle function, and bone health.
• Antioxidants: Kiwi fruit is rich in antioxidants like flavonoids and carotenoids, which help combat oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
• Fiber: A single kiwi fruit contains a significant amount of dietary fiber, which supports digestive health and promotes a feeling of fullness.

10 Benefits of Kiwi Fruit

Here are the top 10 health benefits of kiwi fruit:

• Boosts Immune Function: The high vitamin C content in kiwi fruit supports immune system health, helping to protect against infections and aiding in wound healing.
• Supports Heart Health: Potassium in kiwi fruit helps regulate blood pressure and maintain cardiovascular function, reducing the risk of heart disease.
• Aids in Digestion: Kiwi fruit contains enzymes such as actinidin, which assist in breaking down proteins and improving digestion.
• Promotes Skin Health: Antioxidants like vitamins C and E in kiwi fruit protect the skin from oxidative damage, promote collagen synthesis, and help maintain youthful skin.
• Enhances Vision: Kiwi fruit is rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, antioxidants that support eye health by protecting against age-related macular degeneration and improving vision.
• Regulates Blood Sugar Levels: The fiber content in kiwi fruit helps regulate blood sugar levels, making it beneficial for individuals with diabetes or those looking to manage their blood glucose levels.
• Anti-inflammatory Properties: Certain compounds in kiwi fruit have anti-inflammatory effects, reducing inflammation markers in the body and potentially alleviating symptoms of inflammatory conditions.
• Aids in Weight Management: Kiwi fruit is low in calories but high in fiber, making it a satisfying snack choice that can aid in weight loss or weight maintenance goals.
• Supports Bone Health: The presence of vitamin K in kiwi fruit helps in calcium absorption and contributes to maintaining strong bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.
• Natural Detoxifier: The fiber and antioxidants in kiwi fruit support natural detoxification processes in the body, aiding in the removal of toxins and waste products.

Kiwi Fruit Uses in Dengue

Kiwi fruit can be beneficial for people recovering from dengue fever due to its rich nutritional profile. Here’s how it can help:

• Boosts Immunity: Kiwi is high in vitamin C, which helps strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting off infections.
• Hydration: With a high water content, kiwi fruit helps keep the body hydrated, which is essential during dengue, especially if there's fever or vomiting.
• Supports Platelet Production: Although more research is needed, some studies suggest that kiwi fruit may help maintain healthy platelet levels, which can drop during dengue.
• Reduces Inflammation: Kiwi has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation and discomfort associated with dengue symptoms.
• Easy to Digest: Kiwi is light and easy to digest, making it a good choice for those who may have a reduced appetite during illness.
• Boosts Energy: The vitamins and minerals in kiwi can help combat fatigue, helping patients regain their strength as they recover.

How to Include Kiwi in Your Diet

Incorporating kiwi into your diet can be both delicious and versatile. Here are several ways to enjoy this nutrient-packed fruit:

• Fresh and Simple:
  • Peel and slice kiwi to eat it fresh as a snack.
  • For a quick and easy treat, simply cut a kiwi in half and scoop out the flesh with a spoon.
• Smoothies and Juices:
  • Add kiwi to your favorite smoothie recipes for a refreshing and nutritious boost.
  • Combine kiwi with other fruits like bananas, strawberries, and spinach for a green smoothie.
  • Blend kiwi with water or other fruit juices for a delicious kiwi juice.
• Salads:
  • Dice kiwi and add it to fruit salads for a burst of color and flavor.
  • Kiwi pairs well with greens, nuts, and other fruits in mixed salads.
• Desserts:
  • Use kiwi slices to top yogurt, ice cream, or frozen yogurt for a healthy dessert option.
  • Incorporate kiwi into fruit tarts, pavlovas, and parfaits.
• Breakfast:
  • Add kiwi to your morning cereal, oatmeal, or yogurt bowl.
  • Blend kiwi into your pancake or waffle batter for a fruity twist.
• Salsa and Sauces:
  • Make a kiwi salsa by mixing diced kiwi with tomatoes, onions, cilantro, lime juice, and a pinch of salt. Serve with grilled fish or chicken.
  • Create a sweet and tangy kiwi sauce to drizzle over desserts or savory dishes.

Are There Any Side Effects of Consuming Kiwi?

While kiwi fruit is usually considered safe and nutritious for most people, there are a few considerations:

• Allergic Reactions: Some people might be allergic to kiwi, especially if they have allergies to latex, bananas, or avocados. Symptoms can include itching, swelling in the mouth or throat, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.
• Oxalate Content: Kiwi contains oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stones in susceptible individuals. If you have a history of kidney stones, you may need to limit your intake of high-oxalate foods like kiwi.
• Digestive Sensitivity: The enzyme actinidin in kiwi can cause mild digestive discomfort or sensitivity for some people, especially if eaten in large amounts or on an empty stomach.

Conclusion

Kiwi fruit is a versatile and nutritious addition to a healthy diet. Packed with vitamins and antioxidants, it offers many health benefits, including immune support, heart health, and skin improvement. Beyond just being a tasty snack, kiwi can also aid in recovery during illnesses like dengue fever due to its rich nutritional properties.

However, it's important to consume kiwi in moderation and be aware of potential allergies or sensitivities. For most people, adding kiwi to a balanced diet can lead to better health and a more vibrant lifestyle. Enjoy the delicious taste and health benefits of kiwi as part of your journey to optimal wellness.

FAQs

1. What nutrients are found in kiwi fruit?

Kiwi fruit is rich in vitamins C, K, and E, along with dietary fiber, folate, potassium, and antioxidants. It also contains a unique enzyme called actinidin, which aids in protein digestion.

2. How does kiwi fruit boost the immune system?

Kiwi fruit is packed with vitamin C, which is crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system. It helps stimulate the production of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting infections and illnesses.

3. Can kiwi fruit improve digestion?

Yes, kiwi fruit contains dietary fiber and the enzyme actinidin, both of which aid in digestion. The fiber helps regulate bowel movements, while actinidin helps break down proteins, making digestion more efficient.

4. Is kiwi good for heart health?

Kiwi is beneficial for heart health due to its high fiber content, potassium, and antioxidants. These nutrients help lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and prevent oxidative damage to the heart.

5. How does kiwi fruit benefit skin health?

The antioxidants and vitamin E in kiwi fruit help protect the skin from oxidative stress and premature aging. Vitamin C also plays a role in collagen production, which is essential for maintaining firm and youthful skin.

6. Can kiwi fruit help with weight management?

Yes, kiwi fruit is low in calories and high in fiber, which can help you feel full for longer periods. This makes it an excellent choice for those looking to manage or lose weight.

7. Does kiwi fruit help with sleep quality?

Kiwi fruit contains serotonin and antioxidants, which can improve sleep quality and duration. Consuming kiwi before bedtime may help those who have difficulty falling or staying asleep.

8. Is kiwi safe for diabetics?

Kiwi has a low glycemic index, making it a suitable fruit choice for diabetics. It helps regulate blood sugar levels without causing significant spikes.

9. How does kiwi fruit support eye health?

Kiwi is rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, two antioxidants that are essential for eye health. These compounds help protect the eyes from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

10. Can kiwi fruit reduce blood clotting?

Yes, kiwi fruit has been shown to reduce blood clotting by inhibiting platelet aggregation. This property can lower the risk of stroke and heart attack by improving blood flow and preventing clots.

Benefits of Papaya Leaves

Papaya leaves are derived from the papaya tree (Carica papaya), which is native to tropical regions. While not everyone may enjoy the taste of papayas, this vibrant and sweet fruit can be a lifesaver, especially for those entering the fitness world. Known for its nutritional benefits, papaya is often regarded as one of the best fruits to consume daily for maintaining good health and fitness.

Traditionally, papaya leaves have been utilized for various ailments, including digestive issues, skin problems, and even as a remedy for certain fevers. With the rise of interest in natural remedies and holistic health, papaya leaves are increasingly recognized for their potential benefits.

Given the current dengue outbreak, papaya leaves have emerged as a valuable natural remedy, offering significant support in managing symptoms and promoting recovery. Incorporating papaya leaves for dengue into your diet can be a proactive step toward better health.

Nutritional Value of Papaya Leaves

Papaya leaves are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and enzymes, making them a nutrient-dense addition to the diet. Here are the nutritional components of papaya leaves:

• Vitamins: Papaya leaves are rich in vitamins A, C, and E. Vitamin C, in particular, is known for its immune-boosting properties and ability to promote healthy skin.
• Minerals: They contain important minerals such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium, which are vital for bone health, muscle function, and overall cellular health.
• Enzymes: Papaya leaves are high in papain, an enzyme that aids in digestion and can help reduce inflammation. This enzyme is particularly beneficial for breaking down proteins and can assist those with digestive issues.
• Antioxidants: The leaves are rich in antioxidants, which help protect cells from oxidative stress and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Benefits of Papaya Leaves

Papaya leaves offer a multitude of health benefits, making them a valuable addition to any wellness routine:

• Boosts Immune System
• Supports Digestion
• Anti-inflammatory Properties
• May Help with Dengue Fever
• Regulates Blood Sugar
• Improves Skin Health
• Detoxifies the Body

1. Boosts Immune System

The high vitamin C content in papaya leaves plays a crucial role in supporting immune health. Regular consumption can enhance the body's ability to fight infections and diseases, making it a great natural remedy during flu season or for anyone with a weakened immune system.

2. Supports Digestion

Papaya leaves contain the enzyme papain, which aids in digestion. This enzyme helps break down proteins and can alleviate digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, and indigestion. Drinking papaya leaf tea or juice may help improve overall digestive health.

3. Anti-inflammatory Properties

The anti-inflammatory effects of papaya leaves can be beneficial for individuals suffering from inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. By reducing inflammation, papaya leaves may help alleviate pain and discomfort, promoting better joint health.

4. May Help with Dengue Fever

One of the key benefits of papaya leaves is their potential to help manage dengue fever. Some studies suggest that papaya leaf extract can increase platelet counts in patients suffering from dengue, which is crucial for recovery. This has made papaya leaves a popular natural remedy in regions where dengue fever is prevalent.

5. Regulates Blood Sugar

Research suggests that papaya leaves might help control blood sugar levels, which can be useful for people with diabetes. By keeping blood sugar stable, papaya leaves could aid in managing diabetes effectively when used alongside a healthy diet and lifestyle.

6. Improves Skin Health

The antioxidants and vitamins present in papaya leaves contribute to healthier skin. They can help reduce acne, promote a clear complexion, and may even support wound healing. Using papaya leaf extract topically can enhance skin health and appearance.

7. Detoxifies the Body

Papaya leaves are known for their detoxifying properties. They can support liver health and assist the body in eliminating toxins, which is vital for overall well-being. Regular consumption can promote better liver function and enhance the body's natural detox processes.

Dosage

The appropriate dosage of papaya leaves can vary depending on the form of consumption. Here are some dosage guidelines:

• Tea: To prepare papaya leaf tea, use 1-2 teaspoons of dried papaya leaves steeped in hot water. This can be consumed 1-2 times a day.
• Juice: Fresh papaya leaf juice can be taken in doses of 1-2 ounces daily. It is often mixed with other fruit juices to improve flavor.
• Capsules: For those who prefer a more convenient option, papaya leaf supplements are available in capsule form. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommended dosage.

Before starting any new supplement or herbal remedy, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized dosing recommendations.

Side Effects of Papaya Leaves

While papaya leaves are generally safe for most people, they can cause side effects in some cases. Here are some potential side effects to be aware of:

• Digestive Issues: Some individuals may experience digestive discomfort, including nausea, stomach upset, or diarrhea when consuming papaya leaves.
• Allergic Reactions: Though rare, allergic reactions can occur. Symptoms may include itching, rash, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any severe reactions, discontinue use and seek medical attention.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Pregnant and breastfeeding women should exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider before using papaya leaves, as the effects on pregnancy and lactation are not fully understood.

How to Use Papaya Leaves

Papaya leaves can be incorporated into your diet in various ways:

• Tea: Dried papaya leaves can be brewed into a soothing tea. The mild, earthy flavor can be enhanced by adding honey or lemon.
• Juice: Fresh papaya leaves can be juiced for a nutrient-rich drink. Mixing with other fruits can help mask the bitter taste.
• Capsules: For those looking for convenience, papaya leaf supplements in capsule form are widely available. This option provides an easy way to incorporate the benefits without the need for preparation.

Drug Interactions

Papaya leaves may interact with certain medications. If you are taking any of the following, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider:

• Blood Thinners: Papaya leaves may affect blood clotting, potentially interfering with anticoagulants like warfarin.
• Diabetes Medications: Due to their potential blood sugar-lowering effects, papaya leaves may interact with diabetes medications, leading to low blood sugar levels.

Conclusion

Papaya leaves are a nutrient-rich powerhouse with a variety of health benefits. From boosting the immune system and aiding digestion to supporting skin health and detoxification, these leaves offer a natural way to enhance overall well-being. However, it is essential to use them wisely and consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications. By incorporating papaya leaves into your routine, you can harness their potential to support your health and vitality naturally.

FAQ'S

Q 1.Does papaya leaf increase platelets?

Yes, papaya leaf extract is believed to help increase platelet count, particularly in cases of dengue fever. However, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Q 2.How long does it take for papaya leaf to work?

The time it takes for papaya leaf to show effects can vary. Some people report improvements in platelet count within a few days of taking papaya leaf extract, especially when used to treat dengue fever.

Q 3.Does papaya leaf juice have side effects?

Papaya leaf juice is generally considered safe when consumed in moderation. However, excessive intake may cause digestive upset in some individuals. It's best to consult with a healthcare provider before using it regularly.

Q 4.Can papaya leaves increase hemoglobin?

Papaya leaves are rich in nutrients like vitamins A, C, E, and folate, which can support overall health, including potential benefits for hemoglobin levels. However, specific effects on hemoglobin require more scientific study.

Q 5.Can we drink papaya leaf juice daily?

Drinking papaya leaf juice daily is not typically recommended unless advised by a healthcare provider. It's best to consume it in moderation and be aware of any potential digestive effects.

Q 6.Does papaya leaves affect the liver?

Papaya leaves are traditionally used to support liver health in some cultures. However, scientific evidence on its direct effects on the liver is limited. Moderate consumption is generally considered safe.

Q 7.Can Papaya Leaf increase the platelet count?

Yes, papaya leaf extract is believed to have properties that can potentially increase platelet count, particularly in conditions like dengue fever. However, it should be used under medical supervision.

Q 8.Are there any skin benefits associated with papaya leaves?

Papaya leaves contain enzymes like papain and antioxidants that may help promote skin health. They are used traditionally in some cultures for treating wounds, burns, and skin infections.

Q 9.How do papaya leaves support the immune system?

Papaya leaves contain nutrients and antioxidants that can help support immune function. Vitamins A, C, and E found in papaya leaves contribute to overall immune health by supporting cellular function and antioxidant defense.

 

Warning Signs of Dengue

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. Early diagnosis and supportive care are crucial to managing dengue effectively and preventing severe complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.

Dengue fever usually starts suddenly with a high fever. This is followed by severe headaches, muscle and joint pain, a noticeable rash, and sometimes mild bleeding. These symptoms are uncomfortable and can be quite painful. However, the real danger comes from severe dengue, which is also known as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or Dengue Shock Syndrome. Severe dengue can cause serious complications and can be life-threatening.

This blog post will serve as a detailed guide to help you understand and combat dengue fever. We will cover the seven key warning signs that may indicate the illness is progressing to severe dengue. These warning signs include severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, fatigue, restlessness, and blood in vomit. Recognizing these signs early is crucial for getting the right treatment.

Top 7 Warning Signs of Dengue Fever

Recognizing the warning signs early can help you get the right treatment and avoid severe complications. Here are the top seven warning signs of dengue fever:

• High Fever
• Severe Headache
• Joint and Muscle Pain
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Skin Rash
• Fatigue and Weakness
• Mild Bleeding

 

• High Fever: Dengue usually starts with a sudden, very high fever, often reaching up to 104°F (40°C). This fever can last from 2 to 7 days and is often the first noticeable symptom.
• Severe Headache: Intense headaches, especially around and behind the eyes, are common. These headaches can be very painful and persistent.
• Joint and Muscle Pain: Dengue is sometimes called "breakbone fever" because it causes severe pain in the joints and muscles. This pain can make movement difficult and uncomfortable.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Feeling nauseous and vomiting are frequent symptoms. These gastrointestinal issues can lead to dehydration, so it's important to stay hydrated.
• Skin Rash: A rash often appears a few days after the fever starts. It may look like small red spots or blotches and can spread across the body, sometimes causing itching.
• Fatigue and Weakness: Extreme tiredness and weakness are common during dengue fever. This fatigue can last for weeks, even after other symptoms have improved.
• Mild Bleeding: Symptoms like bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or easy bruising can occur. This mild bleeding happens because dengue affects the blood’s ability to clot.

Common Symptoms of Dengue Fever

  

Feature	Mild Dengue	Severe Dengue
Fever	High fever (up to 104°F/40°C)	High fever that may decrease but can return
Other Symptoms	Headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and rash	Intense abdominal pain, ongoing vomiting, bleeding, restlessness, fatigue, and rapid breathing
Duration	Lasts 2-7 days	May develop after the initial fever has decreased
Severity	Not considered life-threatening	A critical medical emergency
Treatment	Managed at home with rest and hydration	Hospitalization required

Symptoms of Dengue in Different Groups

Dengue fever can manifest differently depending on various factors such as age, health status, and previous exposure to the virus. Here’s how symptoms may vary across different groups of people.

Children

• Symptoms: Children often present with classic dengue symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, and a rash. They may also show signs of irritability and fatigue.
• Risk of Severe Dengue: Children can develop severe dengue, particularly if they have had a previous dengue infection. Symptoms can escalate quickly, requiring close monitoring.

Adults

• Symptoms: Adults typically experience high fever (up to 104°F), severe headaches, and significant muscle and joint pain. Nausea, vomiting, and fatigue are also common.
• Risk of Severe Dengue: Adults with underlying health conditions (such as diabetes or hypertension) are at a higher risk for severe dengue. Symptoms may progress to include severe abdominal pain, bleeding, and shock.

Elderly

• Symptoms: Older adults may exhibit the classic symptoms of dengue but often experience them more severely. They might have a higher risk of complications like bleeding and organ impairment.
• Risk of Severe Dengue: The elderly are particularly vulnerable to severe dengue due to potential comorbidities and a weakened immune system. Close monitoring is essential.

Pregnant Women

• Symptoms: Pregnant women may experience typical dengue symptoms. However, they should be monitored closely due to potential impacts on both the mother and the fetus.
• Risk of Severe Dengue: Severe dengue can lead to complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Pregnant women should seek medical care promptly if symptoms arise.

People with Previous Dengue Infections

• Symptoms: People who have had dengue before are at a higher risk of developing severe dengue upon reinfection. They may experience severe abdominal pain, bleeding, and a rapid drop in platelet count.
• Risk of Severe Dengue: Previous infection can lead to a phenomenon known as "antibody-dependent enhancement," increasing the risk of severe symptoms during subsequent infections.

Progression of Dengue Symptoms Day by Day

Dengue fever typically follows a specific progression, with symptoms developing over several days. Here’s how dengue symptoms may evolve from the onset of the illness:

Day 1: Onset of Symptoms

• High Fever: Sudden onset of high fever (up to 104°F/40°C).
• Other Symptoms: Mild headache, joint pain, muscle pain, and fatigue begin to appear.

Day 2: Intensification of Symptoms

• Fever Continues: The fever remains high and is often accompanied by chills.
• Severe Headache: Intense headaches become more pronounced, especially behind the eyes.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Patients may start experiencing nausea and occasional vomiting.

Day 3: Development of Rash

• Persistent Symptoms: Fever continues, and body aches intensify.
• Skin Rash: A rash may appear, usually starting as flushed skin or small red spots, and can spread to other areas.

Day 4: Peak Symptoms

• Severe Pain: Joint and muscle pain can feel debilitating, leading to the term "breakbone fever."
• Fatigue: Increased fatigue and weakness are common.
• Potential Bleeding: Some patients may notice mild bleeding (e.g., bleeding gums or nosebleeds).

Day 5: Possible Transition to Severe Dengue

• Critical Phase: For some, symptoms may start to escalate. Severe abdominal pain and persistent vomiting may occur.
• Danger Signs: Signs of severe dengue can emerge, including significant bleeding, restlessness, or rapid breathing. Close monitoring is essential during this phase.

Day 6: Recovery or Severe Progression

• Recovery Phase: In mild cases, fever may begin to subside, and symptoms improve.
• Severe Cases: In severe cases, patients may develop complications such as severe bleeding, organ impairment, or shock. Immediate medical attention is critical.

Day 7 and Beyond: Resolution or Ongoing Issues

• Resolution: In uncomplicated cases, symptoms may continue to improve, and recovery can begin.
• Ongoing Symptoms: In severe cases, complications may lead to prolonged hospitalization and care, with careful monitoring required for recovery.

Diagnosis of Dengue Fever

Diagnosing dengue fever involves a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Common diagnostic methods include:

• NS1 Antigen Test: Detects the presence of the dengue virus early in the illness.
• Dengue IgM and IgG Antibody Tests: Helps determine the immune response to the virus, with IgM indicating recent infection and IgG indicating past infection.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): To monitor platelet levels and hematocrit, which can indicate severe dengue.

Seeking Medical Help and Treatment Options

If you suspect dengue fever, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Treatment options include:

• Supportive Care: This involves rest, maintaining hydration, and using acetaminophen to reduce fever and pain. Avoid NSAIDs like ibuprofen or aspirin due to the risk of bleeding.
• Hospitalization: Severe cases may require hospitalization for intravenous fluids, close monitoring, and supportive care to manage complications such as shock or severe bleeding.

Prevention Tips for Dengue Fever

Preventing dengue fever involves reducing mosquito exposure and breeding:
 

• Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites: Regularly empty and clean containers that can hold water, such as buckets, flower pots, and bird baths.
• Use Mosquito Repellents: Apply repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin.
• Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves and pants can help reduce mosquito bites, especially during peak mosquito activity hours (dawn and dusk).
• Install Screens: Use window and door screens to keep mosquitoes out of your home.
• Use Mosquito Nets: Sleeping under mosquito nets can provide additional protection, particularly in areas with high mosquito activity.

Conclusion

Dengue fever is a significant health concern in many parts of the world, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Early recognition of the warning signs and symptoms, seeking prompt medical care, and taking preventive measures are crucial steps in managing and reducing the impact of dengue fever. By staying informed and proactive, individuals can protect themselves from this potentially severe illness. Remember, prevention is always better than cure, so take the necessary steps to avoid mosquito bites and reduce the risk of dengue fever.

 FAQs

Q1.What is dengue fever and how is it spread?

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus, which is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Q2.What are the early symptoms of dengue fever?

Early symptoms include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, and rash. These symptoms usually appear 4-10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

Q3.What are the warning signs of severe dengue?

Warning signs include severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, fatigue, restlessness, and blood in vomit. Seek emergency medical care if these symptoms appear.

Q4.How can you detect dengue early?

Early detection of dengue can be achieved through awareness of symptoms, blood tests to check for dengue virus or antibodies, and monitoring platelet counts. If symptoms appear, seek medical attention promptly for proper evaluation.

Q5.How long does it take to recover from dengue?

Most people recover in 1-2 weeks, but some may feel tired for longer.
 

Monsoon Ailments: Be Aware of Them To Stay Fit In The Times of Coronavirus Crisis

Monsoon is here and it usually keeps most people under the weather.  With the Coronavirus pandemic raging at present, the situation is even harder. Certain common symptoms have made the condition worst with people getting confused between whether they have contracted Covid-19 or are suffering from other vector-borne and water-borne monsoon special ailments. Monsoons generally are the most fertile breeding season for harmful viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms. Thus, the risk of getting exposed to multiple viruses, bacteria and other infections is way more during the monsoons than any other season. Here is all about the most common monsoon diseases, the signs one must watch out for and the preventive measures that can help one keep these ailments at bay while tackling a pandemic.
 
Common monsoon diseases one must be aware of
During monsoons, the most common diseases have four mediums of transmission including mosquitoes, water, air and contaminated food. The mosquito-borne ailments like Malaria, Chikungunya and Malaria are the most prevailing conditions of the Monsoons. Frequently occurring water-borne diseases include Typhoid, Cholera, Leptospirosis, Jaundice, Gastro-intestinal infections and Hepatitis A. Monsoon also bring in a large number of air-borne infections that are spread through pathogens or disease-causing viruses like cold and flu and Influenza. Interestingly, most of these diseases share some of the common symptoms with Coronavirus which is why it is essential for one to be able to differentiate between the signs and take appropriate measures to stay fit during the Monsoons amid Coronavirus. 

Mosquito-borne diseases
Mosquito-borne diseases are the most common ailments of the Monsoon. Malaria happens to be one of the major health concerns in India. It is caused by a single-celled parasite, Plasmodium and is hosted by the mosquito Anopheles minimus. This ailment is accompanied by high fever up to 105 degrees for several days. 
Caused by Aedes Aegypti mosquito that breeds in stagnant water, the incubation period of Dengue is four to seven days after being bitten. The first symptoms of Dengue fever include fever and fatigue. Chikungunya is caused by Aedes albopictus mosquito and presents distinct arthritis symptoms like pain in the joints and bones and stiffness. High fever, chills and body aches are common symptoms of all three. 

Steps to prevent mosquito-borne diseases

• Make use of mosquito nets at home.

• Do not allow water to stagnate or collect anywhere in and around the house.

• Maintain adequate bathroom hygiene and keep it clean.

• Make use of mosquito repellants/creams when you step out of the house. 

Water-borne diseases
Water-borne diseases generally show up during the Monsoons affecting the children mostly. Caused by S. Typhi bacteria, Typhoid gets transmitted due to poor sanitation. Uncovered or spoilt food and drinking contaminated water are mostly responsible for Typhoid. Fever, headache, joint pain and sore throat are its common signs. Cholera too is caused due to poor sanitisation and having contaminated food and is accompanied by diarrhoea or loose motions. 
Leptospirosis, also called Weil's Syndrome occurs when one comes in contact with dirty water or muck or mud water. It can be contracted through bruises, cuts, open wounds. Shivers, muscle pain, and headaches are general signs of Leptospirosis. Like Cholera and Typhoid, Jaundice too is caused due to poor sanitisation or consuming contaminated food and water. Jaundice results in liver dysfunction and the symptoms include weakness, fatigue, yellow urine, yellowing of eyes and vomiting. 
Gastrointestinal infections include vomiting, diarrhoea and gastroenteritis. Having stale, uncovered, or contaminated food and water cause such infections. Hepatitis A is another common viral infection of the Monsoons that gets transmitted through contaminated food and water. It inflames and damages the liver and has symptoms like fatigue, fever, tenderness in the stomach, yellow eyes, dark-coloured urine and sudden loss of appetite. 
 

Steps of prevention

• Boil water and thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables before consumption.

• Keep food covered and do not eat food from outside.

• Maintain personal hygiene all the time. Wash your hands or use a hand sanitiser. 

• Get your children vaccinated if they are not already. 

Air-borne diseases
Air-borne diseases spread through pathogens in the air causing common flu, viral fever, cold, cough and sore throat, mostly affecting senior citizens and children and those with weaker immunity. Cold and flu are the most common viral infection that occurs due to sudden temperature fluctuation during monsoon. It is accompanied by a runny nose, watery eyes, fever, chills and sore throat. Influenza is another common Monsoon disease, also known as seasonal flu. It is easily contracted and can be transmitted through the air. 

Steps to prevent air-borne diseases

• Cover mouth and nose while coughing and sneezing

• Take warm water every few hours and carry a bottle of warm water in case you have to step out.

• Maintain distance from those who are already infected and wash hands and feet when you step inside. 

• Live in well-ventilated homes.

Some tips from the doctor's desk to have healthy Monsoon

• Be hydrated all the times, drink only boiled water and do not drink anything from outside

• Maintain strict personal hygiene to avoid fungal infection

• Wear full-sleeved and light clothes

• Focus on having a diet enhancing immunity

• Eat freshly washed, boiled vegetables, try to stay away from fats, oils and sodium and limit dairy intake.

Water and Foodborne Diseases during Festivals

During festivals, it is a common trend to enjoy street food. One can indulge in festive delicacies, but you should also be cautious about health. As, there are many food and water-borne diseases which spread through unhygienic practices. They affect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and liver. GIT disorders are predominantly bacterial and liver diseases are commonly due to viruses.

Symptoms of GIT infections:

• Loose stools – could be watery or blood mixed
• Vomiting
• Abdominal cramps
• Dehydration: dryness of mouth and skin, dark urine, decreased urine output

Mild symptoms are common, which may stop spontaneously. However, severe symptoms are observed in Children and Old people.

Liver Diseases:

• Viruses causing jaundice are called Hepatitis viruses. They are named as Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses. Amongst these Hepatitis A and E are transmitted through contamination of food and water with human excreta. Hepatitis A is more common in children, Hepatitis E in adults.Most of the epidemics are caused by Hepatitis E
• Jaundice may take several weeks to subside. Complete recovery is seen in most patients
• People with underlying long standing liver disease are more prone to worse outcomes
• Danger signs are (rare): Altered behaviour, bleeding from various sites and swelling of abdomen (due to collection of fluid in side abdomen).  These indicate worsening liver function and need immediate medical attention
• Common misconception during jaundice–Many a times, patients with jaundice are advised a restricted diet (Avoid oil, Non-Vegetarian food, Turmeric etc.) by family and relatives. No such restriction is needed and good nutrition during jaundice is extremely important
• Tips to keep in mind during Jaundice:
  • Avoid taking water/ food from source which you feel is unhygienic
  • Take warm/ hot food
  • Consult nearby doctor if any of the above-mentioned symptoms appear

Your Questions Answered on Ebola Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

Ebola first appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the other in a remote area of Sudan.

The origin of the virus is unknown but fruit bats (Pteropodidae) are considered the likely host of the Ebola virus, based on available evidence.

EVD – Ebola Virus Disease has come into the human body through close contact with the bodily fluids of infected animals such as their blood, secretions or organs.  It was reported and documented in Africa while handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead in the rainforest. Similarly human to human transmission of the Ebola Virus can only happen through direct or indirect contact with blood and body fluids.

What are the symptoms?

Initial Symptoms

• Fever

• Intense Weakness

• Muscle Pain

• Headache

• Sore Throat

Followed by:

• Vomiting

• Diarrhoea

• Rash

• Impaired kidney & liver function

• Some cases – both internal & external bleeding

Lab test results showing low white blood cell, platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes also indicate the virus infection. The incubation period is from 2 to 12 days of time interval from symptoms to infection. It only become contagious once the suspected patient starts showing up the symptoms. EVD can only be confirmed through lab testing.

How can it be prevented?

Only cure or treatment available as of today is to have more and more awareness about the Ebola Virus Disease. Some of the preventive measures that you should aware of are:

• Understand the symptoms, transmission and how to prevent it from spreading further

• Follow and understand the directives issued by your country’s respective Ministry of Health

• Support and guide EVD suspected people in your society or community to seek appropriate medical treatment in nearby healthcare facility

• Wash your hands with hand sanitizer or soap after visiting or touching a patient in the hospital or caring for someone at home

• People who have died from Ebola should only be handled using appropriate protective equipment and should be buried immediately by public health professionals who are trained in safe burial procedures

• You should avoid any sort of contact with high-risk infected animals specifically in the affected areas

• Animal products (meat) should be thoroughly cooked before eating

• WHO strongly recommends that people seek credible health advice about Ebola virus disease from their public health authority

• While traveling be careful and take necessary precautions to safeguard yourself from any sort of infection

Is there any Treatment available?

There’s no specific treatment or medicine available to cure the disease. All the infected people requires intensive supportive care.

They are frequently dehydrated and need intravenous fluids or oral rehydration with solutions that contain electrolytes.

To help control further spread of the virus, people that are suspected or confirmed to have the disease should be isolated from other patients and treated by health workers using strict infection control precautions. Some patients will recover with the appropriate medical care.

Is it safe to travel during this EVD outbreak?

While travellers should always be vigilant with regard to their health and those around them, the risk of infection for travellers is very low since person-to-person transmission results from direct contact with the body fluids or secretions of an infected patient.

WHO’s general travel advice:

• Travelers should avoid all contact with infected patients.

• Health workers traveling to affected areas should strictly follow WHO-recommended infection control guidance.

• Anyone who has stayed in areas where cases were recently reported should be aware of the symptoms of infection and seek medical attention at the first sign of illness.

• Clinicians caring for travelers returning from affected areas with compatible symptoms are advised to consider the possibility of Ebola virus disease.

Source: World Health Organisation 

Health Warning at your desk to work can be injurious to health.

Can we imagine a life without computers? Electronic s and computers have percolated into our life at an alarming pace and magnitude. This has occurred at a scale to make me wonder if typing skills in my children are at par, if not more significant than handwriting skills. Needless to say many of us spend hours in form of a computer at work and top it up with a few more hours in front of Mr. Computer at home. As a pain physician involved in helping desperate patients with persistent pain, I see an epidemic of occupational hazards.

“@your Desk to work can be injurious to health” is not a tagline I would associate with undertaking a routine relaxing job on a posh comfy expensive chair. The sound of it resonates with health hazards of smoking. The sheer volume of time spend in front of Mr. Computer in its many forms , small and big, is making a generation regress back to the dark ages …really?

Musculoskeletal disorders due to sustained unhygienic postures is creating epidemic of health problems centered mostly around the neck, shoulders, arms and upper back. You could argue, I don’t think our ancestors with similar postures suffered with health problems. Well…… probably not since they were not ashamed and frequently to ambulate on all fours (limbs).

We have to take charge and modify our workplace, accommodate our schedules to reduce the impact of our activities on our health. I draw inspiration from the “Microsoft Healthy computing Guide” to suggest modifications in our work / leisure related Mr. Computer activities to ensure we continue to benefit with the marvels of the rapidly developing / evolving world we live in. We should aspire to be comfortable and productive with Mr. Computer.

This guide is designed for anybody spending more than 2 hours with Mr. Computer. This is relevant and probably equally important even if you are fortunate enough to have had no aches and pain in top half of your body. The commonly issues are occasional discomfort in hands, arms, shoulders, neck, upper back and even headaches. Any persistent aches, tingling numbness, burning / shooting pains in your arms / fingers warrant an assessment by a qualified doctor. The suggestions / advice below are generic and applicable across a wide spectrum of people. However, I recommend an individual detailed assessment, if you continue to experience ongoing discomfort. If you have access to an occupational therapist / physician professional guidance to arrange tour workstation will be beneficial.

Tip 1: Position Yourself

Avoid sustained postures for extended periods of time with any activity to avoid discomfort, fatigue and pain. Workstation redesign is essential to avoid unhygienic and awkward sustained postures. The workstation should promote and maintain a comfortable relaxed posture.

To support your back, try the following:

• Use a chair that supports your lower back preventing arching with convexity pointing behind you. (See detail 1).

• Adjust your work surface and chair height to assume a comfortable and natural body posture (see detail 2).

To promote comfortable leg postures, try the following:

• Clear away items from beneath your desk to allow comfortable leg positioning and movement.

• The height of seating should ensure a rested foot on the floor and horizontal thighs on the seat.

Tip 2 - For a comfortable shoulder and arm postures:

• Place your keyboard and mouse or trackball at about elbow level. Your upper arms should fall relaxed at your sides (see detail 3).

• Centre your keyboard in front of you located close to it (see detail 4).

• Place frequently used items comfortably within arm's reach (see detail 5).

Tip 3 - For comfortable wrist and finger postures:

• Keep your wrists straight while typing or mouse navigation. Avoid bending your wrists up, down or to the sides.

Tip 4 - For Comfortable neck posture:

• The top of the screen should be positioned at your eye level. If using bifocal glasses, it may be useful to lower the screen.

• Centre your monitor or document holder in front of you depending on what you refer to most often.

• Consider using a document holder to position your documents near eye level.

Tip 5 - To reduce eye strain:

• Position your monitor an arm's length away from you when seated comfortably in front of it.

• Place monitor away from sources of glare.

• Maintain a clean screen and glasses if you wear some.

• Optimize the monitor's brightness and contrast, along with a good font size.

Tip 6 – Avoid repetitive strain injuries – Be gentle to yourself

• Repeated monotonous work maneuvers, or sustained pressure / impact on body parts can result in body injuries. Common examples include pressing the keys while typing, clicking the mouse buttons, holding your mouse or cradling the phone and resting your wrists on the edge of your desk. You can dampen the effect of these.

• Be gentle to yourself - Type with relaxed hands and fingers ensuring a light touch that is sufficient to activate the keyboard keys, clicking a mouse button, when using a joystick or other gaming controller.

• Try maintaining a floating wrist and hands (see detail 7). The palm rest, if provided, should only be used during breaks from typing.

• Relax your arms and hands when you are not typing or using your mouse. Avoid resting hands on furniture edges.

• Adjust your chair so the seat does not press into the back of your knees (see detail 8).

Tip 7 - Take Breaks

• In a supercharged workplace taking breaks may not be feasible. You can certainly take a break from repetitive task and resort to change in activity. Take a walk out supervising juniors. Stretch yourself during a telephonic conversation. These breaks can be tailored to you and your work place.

Tip 8 – Balance between work and play to limit strain on same body part:

• Organize your diary to have a good admixture of activities that do not strain the same body part for extended periods of time.

• Utilize the different Mr. Computer input devices to accomplish the same task. E.g. scrolling with move wheel versus arrow keys.

• Understand feature in Mr. Computer to work efficiently. E.g. Ctrl C instead of mouse right click copy.

• Eat a balanced diet and get adequate rest.

• Regular exercise for overall fitness and to improve the strength and flexibility of your body.

• Manage stress of and home by good scheduling and time management.

Tip 9 – A healthy body and mind

• A healthy peaceful mind ensures productivity and higher tolerance for repetitive tasks. A tensed, stressed mind tightens / strains the muscles in your upper back and neck limiting the tolerance of MR. Computer related activities.

Maintain good health by:

• Eat a balanced diet and get adequate rest.

• Regular exercise for overall fitness and to improve the strength and flexibility of your body.

• Manage stress of and home by good scheduling and time management.

To conclude:

I wish you a healthy, productive, efficient, happy relationship with Mr, Computer who is likely to encroach into all domains of our lives. We wish you a happy computing experience, and don’t forget to look after yourself.

If you are concerned about any aspect of your health at work or home, please speak to a qualified professional. He may be able to guide to with possible contributing factors along with customized solutions for your problems. You can access further resources to help yourself from the “Healthy Computing Guide” on the Microsoft website.