Dentistry Procedure

Dental Implants - Advantages, Types and Procedure

People suffer tooth loss due to many reasons - tooth decay, periodontal disease, or oral injury. What a lot of patients do not understand is that missing teeth are not just cosmetic issues, they also affect overall dental health and day-to-day activities. Tooth loss causes changes in the way we chew, and even talk. Additionally, without an intact and secure tooth root, the jaw can weaken, shrink and cause the lips and cheeks to sag.

In such a scenario, Dental implants have popped out to be a smarter choice. 

What are Dental Implants?

Dental implants are a replacement for tooth roots. It is a metal fixture, similar to that of a screw, that is surgically fastened to the jaw, under the gum line on which artificial teeth can be mounted. These metal implants become anchored to the bone through osseointegration (the bone fuses to the metal).

What Are the Advantages of Dental Implants?

• Improved appearance

• Dental implants are fused with the bone, and they look and feel like your own teeth. 

• Improved speech

• Compared to dentures, dental implants allow you to communicate confidently. With ill-fitting dentures, teeth can slip within the mouth causing you difficulty in speaking. 

• Improved chewing

• Since dental implants function like your own teeth, chewing and eating feels comfortable and normal. 

• Improved self-esteem

• A missing tooth can hamper your self-esteem. But dental implants can lift it up and give you back your smile. 

• Long-lasting results

If taken good care of, implants can last many years. 

Can Anyone Get Dental Implants?

Dental implants could be performed if you:

• have one or more missing teeth

• have a jawbone that's reached full growth

• have healthy oral tissues

• have a good overall health condition which will not interfere with bone healing

• Do not want to opt for dentures

Types of implants

There are 3 types of implants:

Endosteal implants

These are the most common type of dental implants which are generally advised for most patients.  They are made of titanium, shaped like screws and are surgically implanted in the jaw bone.  Once the gum tissue surrounding the dental implant is healed, a second surgery is needed to connect the post (abutment) on the implant. Finally, an artificial tooth (or crown) is placed on the extension of the post.

Having these implanted, will require you to have a good, healthy jawbone.

Subperiosteal implants

These implants consist of a metal frame and are an alternative to endosteal implants, but not as common as endosteal implants. They are placed onto the bone rather than into the bone, just below the gum tissue. In time, the frame gets fixed to the jawbone. Then the artificial tooth (or crown) is then mounted onto the post.

This type of implant is advised to patients that have a weak jawbone or do not have enough jawbone space for an implant. 

Dental Implants Procedure

The entire dental procedure would be as follows, although there might be some minor additions based on each patient and the case: 

• Initial Evaluation: This includes, X-rays, taking impressions, and matching the colour of the teeth to make your implant look as natural as possible. This evaluation is also done to determine the condition of the jawbone. 

• Extracting the damaged tooth: Before an implant can be inserted, the damaged/decayed tooth will be extracted. 

• Bone graft examination: Your jaw and the surrounding bone has to be strong. Hence, the dentist needs to examine if a bone graft is required to make sure the jaw can support the dental implant. If required, bone grafting is performed and the bone is allowed to heal before inserting the implant. 

• Inserting the implant: A dental surgery is performed to prepare the jaw for the insertion of the implant. Thanks to modern dentistry techniques, it’s possible to carry out the implant placement procedure comfortably and with lesser pain. The implant is then placed deep in, just like the root. 

• Attaching the abutment (base of the crown): The metal part that serves as a base for the crown in the dental implant is called as an abutment. It acts as a connector, with one part attached to the jawbone, while the crown is fixed on the other end. After the recovery, one more small surgical procedure is conducted by the dentist to add the abutment to the implant. This recovery takes a few weeks.

The procedure could take well over 3-6 months or less depending on the healing process. It is very important to maintain oral hygiene throughout all the steps of the treatment to make sure healthy teeth and healthy gums.

Looking for dental implants in Bangalore, then contact Sakra World Hospital where you will get the best treatment and care.

How to take care of dental implants?

• Physical exercise or activity immediately after surgery has to be avoided

• Apply ice packs to reduce swelling. 

• Stay hydrated and consume liquids. Avoid food that is hard and puts extra pressure on the teeth. 

• Floss regularly after a few days of surgery

• Rinse using warm saltwater

• Use low-abrasive toothpaste

• Brush under and around the implant crown

These are a few tips that you should follow to care for your dental implants. There are additional steps you would have to follow immediately after the surgery which your dentist will inform you of accordingly. If you get dental implants at Sakra World Hospital, we will be sure to help you with all the pre and post-care treatment. For more information about receiving dental implants at Sakra World Hospital, contact us today. 

Sakra World Hospital has the best dentist in Bangalore experienced in treating any kind of dental conditions. For the best dental implants in Bangalore consult the best dental hospital near you.

Aphthous Ulcers - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Aphthous Ulcers (also known as aphthous stomatitis, canker sores), are a common and painful problem and can make eating and talking difficult. . An aphthous ulcer is an ulcer that forms on the mucous membranes (on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums) -- like on the inside of the lips and cheeks or below the tongue. 

Aphthous Ulcers are benign in nature, non-contagious and can occur as single ulcers or in clusters.

Recurrent aphthous ulcers do not create much of a concern and go away on their own in a week or two, but at times, they could be associated with significant health problems. Aphthous ulcers that occur in conjunction with symptoms of genital ulcerations, uveitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, fever should be brought to your doctor’s attention at the earliest as this will prompt a search for any cause or origin of this condition. 

What causes an Aphthous ulcer?

The exact reason why aphthous ulcer develops is not yet known. What most researchers and practitioners think is that the immune system is disturbed by some external factor and reacts abnormally against a protein in mucosal tissue which causes Aphthous ulcer.

Possible triggers for developing Aphthous ulcer:

• Accidental - An injury due to dental work, harsh brushing or physical activity

• Emotional stress and lack of sleep

• Toothpaste that contains sodium lauryl sulfate

• Self-inflicted bite

• Shortage of vitamin B, iron, and folic acid

• Hormonal changes during menstruation

• Viral infections

• Conditions like HIV/AIDS can suppress the immune system

• Bacteria present in the mouth can cause an allergic reaction and trigger ulcers

• Existing health issues like Crohn's disease, Celiac disease, Behcet’s disease can also trigger reoccurrence of Aphthous ulcer

Aphthous ulcers are of three types: minor aphthous, major aphthous and herpetiform aphthous. However, each of this type has different symptoms.

Symptoms and types of an aphthous ulcer

Minor aphthous ulcers

These are the most common ones. They are mostly small in size, less than 5 mm in diameter and can form as a single aphthous ulcer or in a cluster. These typically do not cause much pain. 

Symptoms: 

• Usually small ulcers

• Oval-shaped with a red edge

• Heal in one to two weeks

Major aphthous ulcers

These are 5 mm or larger and occur in pairs or as a single ulcer. They are not very common. These are quite painful while eating or drinking.  

Symptoms:

• Are larger and deeper than minor aphthous sores

• Have irregular edges when they become large, but when they are small they would look similar to minor aphthous ulcers

• Extremely painful

• Takes up to six weeks or months to heal and can leave extensive scarring

Herpetiform ulcers

Since these ulcers look like herpes in appearance, they have derived the name Herpetiform., but they are not caused by the herpes simplex virus. Herpetiform ulcers occur when several lesions fuse and form large ulcers that are irregularly shaped. 

Symptoms:

• Often occur in clusters of 10 to 100 sores or can merge into one large ulcer
• Ulcers with irregular edges

Aphthous ulcers treatment

There is no cure for aphthous ulcers, but one can lessen pain and discomfort and promote healing. In most cases, the ulcers will disappear without treatment. If the ulcer needs your doctor’s attention, treatment will be based on the severity of the ulceration, the affected person’s general health and the location. 
  

• Anti-inflammatory treatment aphthous ulcers

Topical anti-inflammatory pastes which can be purchased over-the-counter can be applied directly to the area where the ulcer has erupted. This type of treatment is more applicable and result oriented in the minor variety. The pastes should be applied around two and four times per day, make sure to follow the exact recommendations given by the pharmacist or your doctor.

• Antiseptic and Antibiotic treatment for aphthous ulcers

Antiseptic mouthwash containing chlorhexidine can be part of the treatment. This can be used twice per day or as per the doctor’s recommendations 
Also, in some cases, the doctor may prescribe topical or oral antibiotics, such as minocycline or tetracycline, which have been effective in treating ulcers. They are mostly administered in mouthwash form, where the antibiotic has to be dissolved in water, gargled and spat out. This must be done at least 2-3 times a day for several days or until you see the result. 

This antibiotic mouthwash, containing tetracycline, cannot be administered to children below the age of 8. If need be, make sure to get your doctor’s recommendation, as using this can discolour their teeth. 

Other treatments for aphthous ulcers

When the ulcers are unresponsive to the above treatments, other treatments need to be administered which may include oral steroids, local anaesthetics benzocaine and lignocaine (lidocaine) to reduce pain or other local numbing agents; and nutritional supplements (containing folate, zinc or vitamin B-12) and topical medication such as calcineurin inhibitors: pimecrolimus or tacrolimus.

Besides all the above, there are several home remedies you may try if the ulcer is not major: 

Home remedies for aphthous ulcers

• Rinse your mouth with saltwater

• Apply milk of magnesia to the ulcer after rinsing

• Application of ice packs or cubes to the affected area

• Teething ointments that contain an anaesthetic to numb pain and manage pain and discomfort (we advise you to always contact your dentist before choosing to use this ointment)

• Work on reducing your stress

• Avoid hard foods

• Make sure to intake nutritional supplements such as Vitamin B-12 capsules, Vitamin D capsules, zinc tablets. 

Prevention

As mentioned earlier, Aphthous ulcers can often recur, but you can reduce the frequency of reoccurrence by following these tips:

• Avoid salty and acidic foods or spicy food as they can irritate your mouth.

• Intake plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains that will provide nutritional supplements

• Follow good oral hygiene habits. However, avoid toothpaste and mouthwash that contains sodium lauryl sulfate

• If you wear braces or other dental appliances, check with your orthodontic about waxes that you can use to cover sharp edges

• Work on learning stress-reduction techniques such as meditation and guided imagery

• Quit smoking, as the nicotine in cigarettes can worsen the ulcers

Most aphthous ulcers will go away on their own in a week or two. But do not neglect a doctor’s visit if you notice severe symptoms. Sores that don't seem to heal could possibly detect an underlying condition. Talk to our mouth ulcer specialist in Bangalore to understand and know more about your oral health condition and the correct treatment. 

Sakra World Hospital is the best dental hospital in Bangalore having the best dentist in Bangalore experienced in treating any kind of dental conditions. Book an appointment now!

Everything you should know about a Root Canal Treatment

Has the dentist advised you to undergo a root canal treatment? Are you looking for all the necessary information about a root canal procedure before you go ahead? 

The article discusses everything you would need to know about root can treatment - Treatment, Procedure, Symptoms and how root canal treatment can relieve your tooth pain and save your smile. Stay with us to discover each section. 

What is a Root Canal?

On the outside, our teeth have an enamel layer, then the second layer of dentin, and a soft inside core that goes deep into the root of our jawbone. This core contains the dental pulp (which consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, fibroblasts, and odontoblasts).

When the decay reaches the soft-core, the pulp becomes inflamed or infected, at times, the pulp can also die. This needs to be fixed and a root canal is then needed to save the tooth and clean the decay.

A root canal is a treatment to remove bacteria from the infected root canal of the tooth and prevent it from further infection. Once the infected pulp is removed, the inside of the tooth is carefully disinfected, cleaned and then a filling is placed to seal the space. This treatment saves the natural tooth.

So how would you know if you need a root canal? How would you know if the pulp has been infected? Let’s learn more about the symptoms that may indicate you need a root canal.

Symptoms that show you need a root canal treatment

The assured way to know if you need a root canal treatment is by visiting your dentist. But, keep a watch on these warning signs, because the earlier you detect, the earlier your tooth can be treated and saved. 

Following are the symptoms:

• Persistent tooth pain

• Sensitivity to hot and cold food

• Tooth discolouration

• Swollen gums

• Pain when you touch the tooth

• A chipped or cracked tooth

• Tooth feels loose

• Pimples on the gums

• Severe pain while chewing or biting

Your dentist will examine the tooth and take X-rays to confirm the diagnosis.  

How is a root canal performed?

The best dentist in Bangalore or an endodontist will perform a root canal. Endodontists are highly skilled dental specialists who focus exclusively on treatments related to the dental pulp. If your root canal case is complicated, your general dentist may suggest you see an endodontist.

• An X-ray will be taken to determine if there are any signs of infection in the surrounding bone, it will also focus on checking the shape of the root canals. Local anaesthesia will be administered to numb the area near the tooth. You’ll remain awake during the procedure, but the anaesthesia will keep you from feeling any pain.

• The dentist will place a rubber dam around the tooth, this is to keep the area dry and free of saliva during the treatment.

• Once the tooth is numb, a small opening is created at the top of the tooth ( also called the Crown) using a drill or a LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). 

• Next, using special dental tools called ‘Files’, the dentist or the endodontist will remove the damaged pulp and the bacteria and clean the area. The sides of the root canal are also scraped and scrubbed clean. As the procedure is being done, sodium hypochlorite or water will be sprayed in the area to flush away the debris.

• After the area is well cleaned and shaped, the endodontist or the dentist will fill the root canals with a biocompatible material. This material is called gutta-percha. Next, to ensure flawless sealing of the root canals, gutta-percha is placed with a block of an adhesive cement. Next, a filling is added at the initial opening created. 

• At last, the dentist or the endodontist will discuss any additional restoration work that your tooth might need. For example, placing a crown or other restoration to protect the tooth and prevent it from breaking.

Is Root Canal a painful treatment? 

Mild pain after a root canal treatment is normal as it is a major procedure. A root canal involves deep cleaning inside the canals which can irritate surrounding nerves and gums until the treatment completely heals. However, this pain does not last forever. 

Since the pain experienced after a root canal treatment is usually mild, you’ll likely be prescribed over-the-counter pain medications for relief. Any pain that lasts longer than it should and is persistent, should be brought to the attention of the dentist. 

For painless root canal treatment in Bangalore consult Sakra World Hospital.

What happens after a root canal?

Following the completion of a root canal, for the first few days, the tooth may feel sensitive due to surrounding tissue inflammation. But that should only last for a few hours or maybe a couple of days or two. 

Still, how long the results last depends on the way you take care of your teeth. Some of the must do’s after a root canal treatment:

• Try to avoid chewing with the tooth for a brief time after the treatment

• Brush, floss, and use mouthwash regularly 

• Visit your dentist at scheduled intervals

To conclude, although the treatment does cause minor pain and fear, it will bring you a lifetime of relief from all the pain.  If you have been experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, we advise you to visit your dentist as soon as possible and get a diagnosis done. 

At Sakra, we provide a wide range of dental care from basic diagnosis, routine dental procedures to complex reconstructive surgeries. If you are looking for root canal treatment in Bangalore then book an appointment with us.

Periodontitis - Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

Do you notice slight blood in the sink every time you brush your teeth? Do you see blood while biting into an apple? This bleeding is one of the first warning signs of gum disease. In gingivitis, only the gums are infected. If left untreated, the infection travels below the gum line, into the bone, causing a more serious form of gum disease called periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that not only damages the gums but can also destroy the bone that supports the teeth if left untreated. It can also lead to tooth loss!

If you think that this disease affects only adults, you are absolutely wrong! Periodontal disease not only affects adults but has also been a very common disease among children and teenagers. According to a survey conducted in India, periodontitis was observed by the age of 15; and at 17 years, 10% of Indian boys were known to suffer from it!

Although Periodontitis is common, remember it is largely preventable if diagnosed early. 

What are the symptoms of Periodontal disease?

Here are a few signs and symptoms of periodontitis:

• Pus between your teeth and gums

• Gums that feel tender when touched

• Bleeding while brushing or flossing

• Bleeding when eating, especially fruits like Apple and Guava

• Swollen, puffy gums

• Bright red or purplish gums

• Gums that bleed easily

• Bad breath

• Loose teeth 

• Painful chewing

• Receding Gums

If you have any of the above symptoms then consult the dentist in Bangalore.

What are the causes of Periodontal disease?

Plaque - a sticky film composed mainly of bacteria - is the primary cause of gum disease. If left untreated, plaque can: 

• Harden under your gum line and turn into tartar (calculus) and is more difficult to remove. You can't get rid of tartar by brushing and flossing, only a dentist can remove it. 

• Cause gingivitis, the mildest form of gum disease. And this gum inflammation can cause periodontitis.

Besides plaque, here are a few other causes of Periodontal disease:

• Poor lifestyle habits such as smoking

• Not doing brushing and flossing on a daily basis

• Family history of dental disease

• Hormonal changes can also make gums more sensitive and vulnerable to gum disease

What are the treatments available for Periodontal disease or gum disease?

There are Surgical as well as non-surgical treatments available: 

Surgical Treatments:

• Flap surgery or pocket reduction surgery:  In this procedure, the gums are lifted or pulled back (to create a flap) to clean the roots of the teeth and repair damaged bone. The space between the gum and tooth is reduced in this type of surgery, thereby decreasing the areas where plaque can grow. 

• Bone grafts: In bone grafting, a piece of bone is removed from another part of the jaw or the body, and transplanted to the jawbone. This bone graft then works with the body to build a new bone, helping in restoring stability to teeth. 

• Soft tissue grafts: A procedure to cover tooth roots or fill in places where gums have receded. Healthy gum tissue is taken from the roof of the mouth or taken from another donor and is attached to the place where the soft tissue has receded.

• Guided tissue regeneration: This procedure is done in combination with flap surgery, where a small piece of mesh-like fabric is inserted between the bone and gum tissue which helps in stopping the gum tissue from growing into the area where the bone should be. This allows the bone and the connective tissue to regrow and better support the teeth. 

Non-Surgical Treatments: 

• Professional dental cleaning: This is an important gum disease preventive measure. During a professional cleanup, the dentist will remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line, which is impossible to be removed by brushing and flossing. 

• Scaling and root planing: Scaling and root planing is done if your dentist or periodontist finds out that you have tartar under the gums. When all the tarter below and above the gum line is removed, it is called Scaling. Scaling makes sure the cleaning is done all the way down to the bottom of the pocket. Root planing smoothes out the teeth roots to help gums reattach to the teeth. Scaling and root planing may require local anaesthesia and may take more than one visit.

Are you afraid after reading the surgical methods of treatment? Usually, in most cases, gum diseases are treated using the non-surgical procedure of scaling and root planing. Surgery is only needed when the tissue around the teeth cannot be repaired with nonsurgical options. 
Looking for a periodontitis treatment in Bangalore then book an appointment at Sakra World Hospital.

Is Gum Disease Linked to Other Health Problems?

There is a potential connection between gum disease and other serious health conditions. The bacteria in the mouth is known to make their way into the bloodstream, at times causing health problems such as heart disease and stroke. Another health condition that has often been associated is gum disease is infertility, although the research on this subject is still in-progress. Diabetes is another health condition that not only is a risk factor for gum disease, but gum disease can make diabetes worse.

Is there a way to prevent periodontitis?

The best way to prevent periodontitis is to maintain a proper and regular program of good oral hygiene:

• Brush your teeth twice daily

• Flossing at least once a day. 

• Quit smoking 

• Maintain a well-balanced diet.

• Visit your dentist regularly

If you are more susceptible to gum disease, we recommend you visit a dental clinic in Bangalore for frequent check-ups, cleanings, and treatments to better manage the condition. Remember, oral health affects overall health. 

Mucocele - An oral mucous cyst and all you need to know about it

An oral mucocele is a harmless, benign, fluid-containing, salivary gland cyst. Most commonly, it occurs as a swelling on the lower lip or mouth lining (mucosa). 

The mucocele has a translucent bluish colour and is commonly found in young adults and children. Although it commonly occurs on the lower lip, it can also occur over the cheeks or the floor of the mouth and is called Ranula. 
Ranulas are rare, but they can cause more problems with speech, chewing, and swallowing as they are larger.

In this article, we will focus on how to identify Mucoceles, the signs and symptoms, causes and the treatment. 

How to identify Mucoceles?

Mucoceles can be identified by the following traits:

• Painless and moveable cysts
• Cysts are soft and round, sometimes dome-shaped
• Mostly bluish in colour, but in some cases could be pearly white or transparent
• Size: 2-10 mm in diameter

Types of Mucoceles: 

• Extravasation mucocele: This is the most common type of mucocele, and is caused by broken salivary gland ducts or by salivary gland secretion spilling out of the gland into the surrounding tissue. 
• Retention mucocele:  This type of mucocele is caused due to the ducts of the salivary glands becoming blocked or in other words, a decrease or absence of glandular secretion produced by blockage of the salivary gland ducts. These mostly occur in older people aged between 50 and 60 years. 

Mucoceles are also classified based on the position they occur: 

• Superficial mucocele: Cysts located right under the mucosal surface
• Classic mucocele: Cysts on the upper layer of the submucosa
• Deep mucocele: Cysts on the lower layer of the mucous membrane

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Mucoceles or Oral Cysts?

• Appears  as a bluish or pink, soft, round, dome-shaped cyst
• Usually painless, but could cause problems 
• Recurring cysts
• May break open on its own
• Swallowing or chewing problems
• Sensitivity

If you notice any of the above-mentioned symptoms, then immediately consult your dentist for oral mucous cyst treatment in Bangalore. Sakra World Hospital is the best dental hospital in Bangalore having a team of experienced dentists who are experts in treating all types of dental problems.

What are the causes of Oral Mucous Cyst? 

There are several reasons for the Oral Mucous Cyst to occur - history of lip biting or trauma, oral piercings or use of tartar-control toothpaste in some cases.

The Oral Mucous Cyst centres on a small salivary gland, which makes saliva in your mouth. Here's how the cyst takes birth: 

Saliva moves from a salivary gland through salivary ducts into your mouth. One of these ducts can become damaged or blocked because of compulsive habits such as repeatedly sucking or biting on your lower lip or cheek, using sharp objects to brush against your lower lip, etc. Not just this, trauma could also be the cause of ducts being damaged, trauma such as getting hit in the face. 

So what happens once the salivary duct is damaged or blocked? Mucus leaks or seeps out, and causes a cyst-like swelling, called Oral Mucous Cyst. 

To sum up the causes of Mucoceles or Oral Cysts: 

• An injury/trauma causing a tear to the salivary ducts causing them to be blocked
• Compulsive poor habits like lip-biting causing the salivary ducts to be damaged or blocked
• Oral Lip piercings can cause infection, leading to cyst formation
• Poor oral hygiene can cause the buildup of bacteria. The bacteria can block salivary glands which leads to cysts.

How is Oral Mucocele diagnosed? 

The dentist in Bangalore In most cases, the dentist will be able to tell you by looking at it. Otherwise, the following diagnosis methods will be used:

• Ultrasound: To show images of the inside of the cyst. Ultrasound uses sound waves and the fluid inside the cyst makes it easier to get clear views of the cyst.
• CT Scan/MRi/X-rays: This is taken at different angles; they give a more detailed image of the cyst.
• Biopsy: A tiny sample of the cyst is taken and sent to the lab for initial diagnosis and cell analysis.

Consult Sakra World Hospital the best dental hospital for mucocele excision in Bangalore.

Treatment for Oral Mucocele 

Mostly, a mucous cyst will go away on its own. However, if there are no signs of it going away on its own and it seems to be causing oral issues, don't try to open it or treat it yourself. It can cause further infection and tissue damage. You need to reach out to your oral health care clinic as it needs to be removed. To remove a mucocele, the following may have to be done:

• Freezing the cyst (cryotherapy)
• Laser treatment
• Surgery to cut out the cyst

Mucocele cysts are less harmful and more unpleasant, a specialist is the only one who can help you get rid of this without causing further damage. Also, remember, they can reoccur, so following all instructions is very important. 

If you notice a cyst for more than a month, if it has been bleeding or you are having trouble swallowing, chewing or talking, reach out to our team of professional dentists and oral surgeons and we will assist you with the right course of treatment. 
Sakra World Hospital has a team of dentist in Bangalore who are expert in treating a mucous cyst. We provide world-class facilities to our patients and take care of their all needs.

What is Pyorrhea and how can it be treated?

The term pyorrhea comes from the Greek words Discharge of Pus.
Pyorrhea, also known as periodontitis, is a multifactorial disease that directly affects oral gums and the bone. Yes, Pyorrhea affects the periodontium, that is, the organ that holds up the teeth and is made up of gingiva, bone, and ligament. Pyorrhea is bacterial in nature and is the result of advanced or untreated gingivitis.

Types of Pyorrhea

These are some of the most common types of Pyorrhea:

• Chronic Pyorrhea: This is the most common type of pyorrhea. It is caused by gradual plaque buildup, which then causes gum recession and bone deterioration. This can get worse or improve based on how soon it has been treated. This type of Pyorrhea is known to mostly affect adults, but in no way does it mean that children are immune to it. Children too can be prone to Chronic Pyorrhea if dental hygiene is neglected. 
• Aggressive Pyorrhea: It is a hereditary type of Pyorrhea. And since it's hereditary, you would need your family to get checked for Pyorrhea too if you have been suffering from it. The reason it is called Aggressive Pyorrhea is, if it is left untreated, this destructive pyorrhea type will cause rapid progression of bone loss, eventually causing tooth loss or a fracture. 
• Necrotizing Pyorrhea: This is the worst type of pyorrhea that involves the death of supporting bone, gum tissue and tooth ligaments caused by lack of blood supply, which eventually results in severe infection. Necrotizing Pyorrhea mostly affects people who have a weak immune system, which may be due to HIV infection or cancer treatment. Malnutrition and poor food habits can also be a cause. 

What are the signs and symptoms of Pyorrhea?

As Pyorrhea progresses from gingivitis, it starts showing major signs and symptoms. A few of the major symptoms are as listed below:

• Swollen or puffy gums
• Bad breath
• Loose teeth or Gums that bleed easily
• Painful chewing
• Pus between the teeth and gums
• Tender and sensitive gums
• Bleeding when flossing or brushing
• Deep pockets formed between the gums and the teeth
• Gums that recede, making your teeth look longer than normal
• Bleeding when eating fruits like Apple, Guava, etc.

What are the causes of Pyorrhea?

Lack of dental hygiene is the foremost reason. Besides this, inheriting it from your parents or family members is also possible as this is a hereditary disease.

Here are some common causes of pyorrhea:

• Poor dental habits: Irregular brushing and flossing allow bacteria to grow rapidly. Flossing should be a very important part of your dental hygiene as it helps in scraping the plaque and the remnants of rotting food in between the spaces of your teeth which are responsible for bacteria growth. When you’re complacent with your dental habits to the point where the coating of plaque on your teeth becomes tartar, it leads to dental destruction causing Pyorrhea. 
• Periodontal Destruction: Pyorrhea is caused by the destruction of the periodontium tissue that keeps the teeth anchored to the gums and jawbone. Improper dental hygiene is what kills this tissue. But although the periodontal disease is initiated by bacteria, an intermediate mechanism that lies between bacterial stimulation and tissue destruction is the production of cytokines. The presence of cytokines in increased levels causes the destruction of periodontium tissue.
• Gingivitis or Periodontal Disease: Plaque, when left untreated causes gingivitis, which is the mildest form of periodontal disease. This condition is defined as inflammation and irritation of the gum around the base of the teeth. Gingivitis is reversible with good oral care and professional dental treatment. When you fail to treat gingivitis, it worsens and develops into pyorrhea or periodontitis.
• Diabetes and Pyorrhea: If you are a diabetic patient, your chances of developing Pyorrhea also increase. Diabetics patients are more likely to develop dental issues. 
• Smoking: Smoking tobacco is also one of the causes of developing pyorrhea or periodontitis. 

Pyorrhea is reversible but that does not mean you can take your chances. While you have dental treatment options to save your teeth, remember if the disease reaches a point of no return you might not be able to save some or all of your teeth. Therefore, we keep emphasizing maintaining your oral hygiene and visiting your dentist regularly. 

Sakra World Hospital has the best dentist in Bangalore experienced in treating any kind of dental conditions. For pyorrhea treatment in Bangalore consult the best dental hospital near you.

Here are ways you can prevent Pyorrhea:

• Brushing, flossing and using mouthwash
• Regular Dental Visit - Make sure to visit your dentist at least every 6 months, this aids in diagnosing the early signs and symptoms and treating them in their early stages to avoid further complications
• Scaling - To remove hard tartar, trapped food, and plaque which is the primary cause of bacteria growth
• Root Planing - This makes the rough teeth surfaces smooth and removes any subgingival bacteria. During the procedure, the dentist will also deep clean around and below the gums to remove plaque and tartar buildup. 

If left untreated, Pyorrhea can cause bone and tissue damage, where you can also lose teeth. Besides the loss of the tooth, the infection could cause other health complications. 

Thanks to modern dental technological advancements, Pyorrhea can be treated using laser treatment and hence becomes much easier to cure in a less invasive manner, unlike traditional surgical methods which are quite painful and invasive. 

Sakra is the best dental hospital in Bangalore where we provide our patients with world-class dental treatments, from teeth whitening to laser dental treatments to curing periodontal disease. For all your dental care needs, reach out to us.

Pulpitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp tissue and is usually caused by bacterial infections (majorly tooth decay). The pulp comprises the blood vessels, the nerves and connective tissue which provide blood and nutrients to the tooth.

The article is curated to help you understand Pulpitis in detail. Here is what the article will cover:

1. What is Pulpitis
2. Types of Pulpitis
3.0Signs and Symptoms of Pulpitis
4. Causes of Pulpitis
5. How is Pulpitis Diagnosed
6. Treatment for Pulpitis

What is Pulpitis

As stated at the onset, Pulpitis is a dental condition that results in an inflamed dental pulp. The dental pulp is a vital part of the tooth structure, originating at the centre of the tooth, underneath the enamel layer and the dentin layer (the material that helps to support the structure of the tooth).

The dental pulp has important functions: 

• Sensory function: Any pain from differences in temperature, tooth trauma or pressure are caused by stimulation of the pulp.

• Formation of dentin: The dental pulp is responsible for the formation of dentin. 

• Nutrients and nourishment: The blood vessels in the pulp are responsible for providing the necessary nutrients to the tooth. 

If Pulpitis is left untreated, it can also cause an infection at the root of your tooth, which is known as an abscess. It's important to see your dentist at the earliest possible if you think you have Pulpitis.

Signs and Symptoms of Pulpitis

The severity of the symptoms depends on the type of Pulpitis. Reversible Pulpitis typically causes mild symptoms. While irreversible Pulpitis may cause severe pain and is long-lasting.

Here are a few common symptoms of Pulpitis:
 

• sharp and  throbbing tooth pain

• sensitivity to hot, cold food and beverages

• inflammation of the tooth

• a fever (very common in severe cases)

• unpleasant taste in the mouth or bad breath

• difficulty eating and chewing

• Swelling of the face and cheeks

• swollen lymph nodes

Causes of Pulpitis

The most common cause of Pulpitis is a bacterial infection, however, the causes are generally categorised into physical, chemical and bacterial. 

• Physical causes of Pulpitis (mechanical injury or thermal injury): Mechanical injury is majorly caused due to dental trauma. For example, habits like bruxism (grinding of teeth at night), using foreign objects like hairpins, needles, are among the causes of tooth trauma. Besides this, certain dental treatments could also cause dental trauma, treatments where the pulp is highly exposed. 

An example of thermal injury would be the heat produced during the polishing of a tooth filling which affects the dental pulp and damages it.
Other physical causes include cracked or chipped tooth or tooth fracture. 

• Chemical causes of Pulpitis: excessive use of desensitizing toothpaste, or pulp reaction to components like arsenic present in silicate used in tooth restorations.
   
• Bacterial infection is the most common cause of pulpitis.

These irritants cause reversible Pulpitis initially, however, If the pulp continues to be inflamed, the Pulpitis will become irreversible, which may eventually lead to a dead tooth. 

How is Pulpitis Diagnosed

Diagnosis is based on the history and physical examination of the patient. X-rays are also used to determine the inflammation and other valid tooth conditions that help the dentist understand the severity of the case. 

Here are a few tests that are done for diagnosing Pulpitis

• Sensitivity test: To check if hot or cold stimuli causes any pain or discomfort.

• Tooth tap test: This test is done to test the level of inflammation. An instrument is used to gently tap on the tooth. 

• Electric pulp test: An electrical charge is delivered to the pulp. If the patient feels the small electrical charge delivered to the tooth, the pulp is alive and reversible. 

Treatment
The treatment depends on the type of Pulpitis. There are two types of Pulpitis:

Reversible Pulpitis: 
Reversible Pulpitis is the condition in which the dental pulp is inflamed, but reverts to normal once the person treats the underlying cause of the inflammation. 

Consult the dentist at Sakra World Hospital for reversible pulpitis treatment in Bangalore.

For example: If the damage to the tooth is caused by a cavity or a fracture, the dentist may repair the tooth to protect the pulp. Once the source of irritation is fixed, the pulp should return back to normal. In this type of Pulpitis, the inflammation of the pulp tissue is generally mild to moderate. Although reversible Pulpitis is quick to heal, periodic evaluation is necessary to ensure the complete healing of the condition.

Looking for the best dentist in Bangalore for pulpitis treatment, then consult the Sakra World Hospital, the best dental hospital in Bangalore.

Irreversible Pulpitis: 

Irreversible Pulpitis means the nerve has been damaged beyond repair, and the inflammation in the pulp cannot be reversed. The root canal and complete tooth removal are the options a dentist will inform you about. However, tooth removal is not the first line of treatment if the tooth can be saved. A root canal will remove the infected pulp and once this treatment is done, the pulp will not regenerate inside your tooth, and the tooth is then a non-vital tooth. 

To prevent Pulpitis, practice and maintain good oral hygiene, this will remove the bad bacteria from the mouth. If left untreated, Pulpitis can lead to complications such as dental abscess, which is an infection in the bone or soft tissues and is the reason for the formation of pus beside the tooth.

Our team of dental professionals will always advise you to see the dentist at the first sign of pain, sensitivity, or inflammation in the mouth. And yes, never miss your regular dental checks.

Malocclusion of the Teeth - What you need to know

Everyone wants to have good dental health. While most of us do not face severe dental health problems, the majority of people face the problem of Malocclusion of Teeth. 

What Is Malocclusion?

Malocclusion! You might have probably not heard of this term often (unless you hang out with orthodontists!). Malocclusion is nothing but the misalignment of teeth. It is a common musculoskeletal problem. 

To put it in simpler terms - Your upper teeth are meant to fit slightly over your lower teeth, and the points of your upper molars fitting into the grooves of your lower molars. When this alignment doesn’t occur, the result is Malocclusion. For people suffering from severe malocclusion, it is difficult to perform basic functions like chewing or biting and moreover, it can affect their oral and digestive health too if left untreated. 

To technically understand, Malocclusion means there is a deflection from the normal alignment of the teeth to other teeth in the same arch or to the teeth in the opposing arch.

Unlike periodontitis and dental caries, malocclusion is not a disease; most people experience malocclusions in some form due to genetic factors or poor oral hygiene.

Malocclusion is manifested in many ways - crowded teeth, crossbite, overbite, underbite and open bite.
Consult the dentist at Sakra World Hospital for malocclusion treatment in Bangalore.

Types of Malocclusion

1. Overcrowding

This is the most common type of Malocclusion. Smaller jaw size is the main reason for the overcrowding of teeth. This results in teeth that are crooked and overlapped.

2. Overjet

When the top teeth extend past the bottom teeth, horizontally, it is known as an overjet. People having an overjet face difficulty eating and while speaking.

3. Overbite

When the upper teeth extend past the bottom teeth by more than 2-3mm, overbite occurs. In some cases, it can cause the front teeth to bite down onto your gums!

4. Crossbite

Crossbites occur when the upper teeth are misaligned in a way that they bite or sit on the insides of the lower teeth. 

5. Anterior crossbite (underbite)

Anterior crossbites happen when the lower front teeth extend beyond the upper front teeth, this is more commonly known as an underbite.

6. Spacing

All teeth are supposed to be adjacent to each other. Spacing can occur between two or more teeth due to missing teeth, small teeth, or thumb sucking.

7. Diastema

A diastema is just a single gap or space that occurs between two teeth, mostly the upper front teeth. 
Impacted tooth

A tooth that has failed to erupt through the gum normally. This causes spacing issues for the surrounding teeth

Why is Misalignment of teeth a problem?

• It can cause problems when you chew and speak

• It can increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay

• It strains the jaws, and muscles, increasing the risk of tooth fracture or break

• Can affect self-esteem and well-being

What Causes Malocclusion?

Malocclusion is usually a genetic predisposition. However, there are other causes too:

• childhood defects like cleft palate

• sucking of thumb and frequent use of a pacifier in children under the age of 4

• prolonged use of bottle feeding in early childhood

• Frequent or constant oral breathing

• tumors in the mouth or jaw

• lack of calcium and other nutrients 

• impacted teeth

• poor dental care 

• Facial injury

• Smaller jaw size can cause crowding

There could be other possible causes of Malocclusion, however, these are the ones that are most common. 
What are the Symptoms of Malocclusion?

Depending on the type the symptom might be subtle or severe. The symptoms of malocclusion can include, but is not limited to:

• visible irregular alignment of teeth

• inability to chew food properly

• biting the inner cheeks or tongue frequently

• speech problems 

• change in the appearance of the face 

• breathing from the mouth instead of the nose

Diagnosing and Classifying Malocclusions

Routine dental examinations are the most common way by which dentists will be able to detect Malocclusion. Other examinations like X-rays will be conducted to check for the severity. Treatment will depend on the severity and classification of Malocclusion. 

There are three major classes of malocclusion diagnosis:

Class 1

This is diagnosed when the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth. In this type of malocclusion, the overlap is slight and the bite is normal.

Class 2

This is diagnosed when a severe overbite is present. This means that the upper teeth and jaw significantly overlap the lower jaw and teeth.

Class 3

This is diagnosed when there’s a severe underbite. This condition is known as prognathism which means the lower jaw protrudes forward. 

What is the treatment for Malocclusion? 

Mild malocclusion does not require any treatment. However, if your case is severe you need to visit an orthodontist. Depending on your type of malocclusion, the orthodontist will recommend various treatments. These can include:

• Braces (wired or clear aligners) to correct the position of the teeth

• Removal of teeth to fix overcrowding

• Bonding, reshaping, or capping of teeth

• surgery to reshape the jaw

• Use of the plates or wires to stabilize the jaw bone

Misaligned teeth are a common problem experienced by all ages. As mentioned earlier, minor alignment does not need attention and hence,  the decision to correct misaligned teeth is a personal one. However, severe cases should not be disregarded as they can cause major complications to your health. At Sakra, our team of Orthodontists are trained to give you a beautiful, healthy smile at any age.

Looking for an orthodontist in Bangalore, then consult the Sakra World Hospital, the best dental hospital in Bangalore for the treatment of malocclusion.

What is Gingivitis and How to Treat it?

What is Gingivitis and how to treat it?

Gingivitis is a type of common and mild gum disease that may cause irritation, redness, and swelling of your gums or gingiva, the part of your gums surrounding the base of your teeth.

If Gingivitis is not treated it may lead to periodontitis. It is a form of gum disease that can increase the risk and damage the soft tissue and bone that supports the teeth.

Research shows that there is a great prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in the Indian population. It is seen that 95% of the Indian population suffers from periodontal disease. 
This is an alarming concern as it is one of the key reasons for tooth loss in our country.

What are the common causes of Gingivitis?

Gingivitis is the result of the build-up of plaque. Plaque is a sticky film containing bacteria located on the teeth and gums. As plaque advances, it hardens and becomes tartar. The bacteria found in plaque can produce toxins that can irritate the gums and cause them to become red, inflamed, swollen, and even cause them to bleed. 

Common causes of gingivitis are:

Poor oral hygiene: Improper brushing or lack of brushing and flossing results in the accumulation of plaque and tartar. This is one of the most common causes of gingivitis.

Smoking: This causes an increase in the number of pockets that form in the gums and worsens the gum health and results in multiple gum infections.

Hormonal changes: This can make you more vulnerable to gum disease and increase gum irritation and sensitivity.
Diabetes: It is observed that people with diabetes are at a higher risk for gum disease. This is mainly because it reduces the body's ability to get rid and fight against harmful mouth bacteria.

Deficiencies: A deficiency in Vitamin C could lead to gum disease and gingivitis.

Stress: When the body is under stress it struggles to fight against bacteria and eliminate them. This could result in several health conditions including gingivitis.

Other underlying illnesses: Gingivitis could also be a symptom of other underlying health conditions such as leukaemia, HIV/AIDS or cancer.

Improper dental care: Broken fillings, improper dental appliances or crooked teeth can also result in gingivitis.
Genetic factors: If there is a family history of gingivitis, there is a high chance that you may develop gingivitis as well.

What are the signs and symptoms?

Here are some underlying signs and symptoms of gingivitis:

• Bad breath

• Gums that bleed

• Bright red gums

• Inflammation of the gum tissues

• Receding gum line

• Bleeding of the gums while brushing 

What are the home remedies to treat gingivitis?

Good oral hygiene: To maintain good oral health, it is important to brush and floss regularly. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and rinse your mouth after every meal.

Saltwater rinse: Salt can act as a disinfectant and soothe bleeding gums. Add half a teaspoon of salt to a glass of lukewarm water and mix it. Swish the solution in your mouth for a couple of seconds and spit the solution.

Diet: Avoid sugary foods and beverages and incorporate calcium-rich foods in your diet.

Vitamin C: Include Vitamin C in your diet for overall gum health. Oranges, Mango, Kiwi and Papaya are good sources of Vitamin C.

Turmeric: Turmeric gel can be used for fighting infections thanks to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal properties. To treat gingivitis, apply the gel on the gums and leave for 10 minutes and rinse. 

Oil pulling: Swishing a few tablespoons of coconut oil and spitting it out is known to improve overall gum health. It helps in getting rid of some toxins and bacteria.

Anti-bacterial mouthwashes: Use an anti-bacterial mouth wash as part of your oral care. It helps in getting rid of bacteria that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush or floss.

How does a dentist treat Gingivitis?

Several treatments can be performed by the dental professional based on the severity of the gum disease. The dentist can perform:

Professional dental cleaning: A professional cleaning is performed to remove plaque and tartar above and below the gum line. It is however not a treatment for gum disease but can serve as a preventive measure.

Scaling and root planing: This is a deep clean process performed under a local anaesthetic. It helps in getting rid of plaque and tartar above and below the gum line as well as smoothens the roots. This helps in getting rid of the bacteria and aids the gums to re-attach to the teeth.

Tissue grafts and tissue regeneration: This procedure helps to bridge the areas where the gums have receded. The graft tissue, most often taken from the palate, is sewn into place, adding tissue to the affected area.
Tissue regeneration is carried out when the bone that supports the teeth has been destroyed. This procedure promotes the growth of bone and gum tissue. 

Bone surgery: This process involves the smoothening of shallow craters in the bone. Reshaping the bone around the teeth helps in decreasing the craters and makes it more difficult for the bacteria to collect and grow.

Book an appointment with your dentist if you notice any signs of gingivitis and the home remedies doesn't seem to help. It is important to schedule regular check-ups with your dentist to avoid dental problems and to improve your oral health. 
Watch this video where one of the patients at dental solutions, Irshad Ahmed shares his experience after successfully undergoing treatment for Gingivitis.
Visit the dental clinic if you feel you have gums related problem or gingivitis. Sakra World Hospital provides gum and gingivitis treatment in Bangalore having the best dentists to take care of you. 

Diet is More Important Than Brushing

Mouth-body connection is the best way to monitor our health — and that our diet is the cause of many problems in our mouth including rotten teeth to inflamed gums. Tooth tissue loss is a common condition and is a pathological, non-carious irreversible loss of tooth tissue, often having a multifactorial aetiology.  Dietary counselling that aims to reduce the intake of products that can exacerbate tooth wear needs to be tailored to an individual.

The diet and food combinations:  It is well known that dietary substances such as soft drinks and abrasive foods cause tooth structure loss. The curried food and alcoholic beverages citrus food are all acidic in nature and cause erosion of tooth structure.  Vegetable oils and white flour are refined carbs, so anything with white flour has a very similar metabolic effect to sugar by creating cavities.

Saliva:  Individuals with salivary gland disorders often find themselves having poor oral hygiene with multiple cavities. Saliva plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of tooth structure. The saliva creates an instant buffering effect against the acidic food challenges and could therefore reduce the foodstuffs erosive potential. Nutrient-dense foods, low in empty calories, processed sugars, acidic ingredients, and artificial sugars, help promote healthy saliva that can protect teeth throughout the day.

Brushing:  Brush twice a day for at least two minutes, morning and night.
The force applied, toothpaste concentration, brushing technique and model of brush all play an important role in tooth structure loss. We should be using a soft bristle with a flexible head toothbrush which should be regularly changed after 3 months of use.  Toothpaste containing fluoride have been shown to help reduce and prevent tooth structure loss. 
If you are having a problem with chewing food or if you have cavities then consult the best dentist in Bangalore.

Skara World Hospital is the best dental hospital in Bangalore having best orthodontists in Bangalore experienced in Fillings & Root Canal Treatment, Bridges, Crowns & Dentures, Dental Implants, Braces & Aligners, Smile Makeover, Advanced Gum Treatment, Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Medicine, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Cancer Rehabilitation.

Low Level Laser Therapy: An Untapped Resource in Dentistry

Low Level Laser Therapy: An Untapped Resource in Dentistry
 
Wounds involving the oral mucosa and jaw bones are commonly encountered in oral surgical practice. Tooth extraction is the most common surgical procedure performed by dentists or oro-Maxillofacial surgeon.
One of the most important and common complications following tooth extraction is dry socket. This phenomenon occurs when a blood clot dissolves and consequently, the exposure of alveolar bone happens. Dry socket is marked by severe and progressive pain, halitosis, regional lymphadenitis, and activity reduction. It is mostly prevalent in surgical extraction of mandibular third molar. These complications reach their maximal at 12–48 h after surgery, but may completely resolve in 5–7 days .Also, due to its anatomical location in the mouth, the wound surface of the extracted socket is frequently disturbed by the mouth activities, which may lead to postoperative complaints by the patients rather than the surgery itself.
The applications of low power laser therapy in dentistry have been addressed by several studies. It is suggested that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has several beneficial effects

•  reduction of pain and the inflammatory process 

•  accelerated wound healing 

•  anti-inflammatory

•  biostimulant effects 

Laser irradiation will significantly decrease pain, swelling, bruising and inflammation after an extraction thus requiring a decreased (or eliminated) need for post-operative analgesics when compared to conventional surgical extraction procedure. The speed of healing of the extraction site will also be increased and there will be a reduced likelihood of a dry socket (although in cases where a dry socket does occur, LLLT will dramatically decrease the pain and stimulate the covering of the exposed bone through the stimulation of fibroblasts).

One of the mechanisms proposed to be concerning the cellular effect of laser therapy is the capability of laser photons to change cellular metabolism. LLLT is suggested to act on mitochondria by removing nitric oxide from the respiratory chain, thus increasing the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species. As a result of these high levels of ATP (the energy currency for a cell), the metabolism and function of the cell increases in wounded, ischemic, or poorly perfused tissues.
Laser energy could enhance osteoblastic proliferation, collagen synthesis by fibroblast, activation of the lymphatic system, the proliferation of epithelial cells and fibroblast, increased angiogenesis and bone formation. Laser therapy could amplify the oral wound healing process by stimulating cell regeneration after injury, attenuating pain, and modulating the immune system.
LLLT requires a paradigm shift; instead of using drugs to treat the pain after it has started, a dentist now has the opportunity to start the pain management procedure immediately in the dental office. Also, in conventional surgical extraction procedure, wound healing and pain management will take a longer duration when compared to low-level laser therapy.
In an ageing population that is becoming wary of the over-prescription of pharmaceuticals which often carry harmful side effects, laser therapy is an effective alternate or adjunctive tool to achieve improved clinical effects.
The dental department of Sakra world hospital is well equipped with recent advances in laser technology where patients can avail this benefit of low-level laser therapy after post-surgical extraction procedure.

Lasers in Incision and Its Influence on Post Operative Complications in Surgical Removal of Teeth

Surgical removal of impacted teeth is one of the most common procedures performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. It involves the manipulation of both hard and soft tissue that can cause several postoperative complications. Pain, swelling, trismus is the most commonest postoperative (post op) discomforts that affects post- operative quality of patient’s life following the surgical removal of mandibular third molar.

Flap design and incision is one of the factors influencing the severity of these complications. The incision of the mucosa, the reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap and the surgical time are the general factors related to post operative complications and therefore they should be reduced to improve the post operative quality of the life of the patient. 

Scalpel, electrocautery and laser system are commonly utilized as effective tool in soft tissue surgeries. The most common tool is scalpel. The main drawback of the scalpel is that they do not provide haemostasis, which is an important key factor in the highly vascularised region like oral cavity. Therefore, there arises a need for an alternative for the soft tissue surgeries.

 Laser is a monochromatic, collimated, coherent, and intense beam of light produced by stimulated emission of radiation of light source. Benefits of laser incision over scalpel are as follows:

•  Laser incision provides excellent accessibility and visibility to the surgical site at the time of surgical procedure. 

•  Time required for performing surgery-using Laser incision is less as compared to scalpel incision. 

•  The Laser incision proved to be least affecting the post-operative mouth opening, swelling.

•  Post-operative mouth opening, post-operative swelling and post- operative wound healing was affected more adversely with the use of scalpel incision while these parameters were least adversely affected with the use of laser incision.

•  Postoperative wound healing is excellent followed by incision with Laser.

•  Intra operative bleeding is highly reduced by the use of lasers.

Several trials have been used to prevent the occurrence of these complications by alteration in the surgical operative technique and reducing trauma as possible, by the administration of local or systemic corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs, different types of incisions and Laser therapy.

It can be concluded that incision with lasers is more preferred when compared to scalpel incision considering its influence on post operative complications during surgical removal of teeth.

The dental department of Sakra world hospital is well equipped with recent advances in laser technology where patients can avail this benefit of laser incision during extraction procedure.

All you need to know about Invisalign Braces

What are Invisalign braces?

Everybody deserves a great smile, but a lot of us are either embarrassed or need help with the perfect smile. In recent years, a lot of people are using clear orthodontic devices called clear aligners to straighten their teeth and get that beautiful smile. Unlike braces that use brackets with metal and wires to straighten the teeth; Aligners are a series of tight-fitting custom-made mouthpieces that slip over the teeth and Invisalign is the largest producer of clear aligners

Invisalign is an orthodontic treatment that helps to straighten teeth without the use of the typical metal braces. Invisalign has quickly revolutionized the orthodontics world.

The aligners are customised and made of plastic and are formed as a removable tray to fit the mold of a patient’s mouth. Since they are made from transparent material, people do not notice them easily, this is one advantage of wearing Invisalign clear aligners. 

Types of Invisalign we offer at Sakra World  Hospital Bangalore

Invisalign come in various types:

Invisalign Full

This is the most commonly prescribed treatment - mostly preferred for complex cases and includes several aligners throughout the course. The complete treatment period normally takes around 12-18 months.

Lite Invisalign

This type of Invisalign is best suited for cases that are not very severe or are moderate, also this treatment is mostly combined with crowns. Unlike Invisalign Full, where there is an unlimited number of aligners, Invisalign Lite has a limited number of aligners provided.  When using this type of Invisalign, the treatment usually takes around 3-7 months.

Invisalign Express 

It is recommended for a mild correction and is a faster and cheaper option of Invisalign - provides 10 aligner trays. The treatment involves two lengths: one makes use of 5 aligners and takes around 3 months, while the other uses up to 10 aligners and a time of around 6 months.

Invisalign Teen :

The name itself makes these aligners obvious - a great option for teenagers because of the constant shifting of their teeth to help them in the teeth straightening process at a young age. During the teen period, the teeth are not fully developed, hence, making it the right time to fix any alignment issues.

This treatment includes six complimentary replacements for dental aligners. 

While these provide an overview of the type of Invisalign aligners available, the type that will best suit your need should be discussed with an orthodontist who will explain you through each option and how they can help your particular case. Since every patient is different, it is best to speak to a knowledgeable professional orthodontist in Bangalore.

How Long Does It Take For Invisalign To Work?

Invisalign treatments are based on the severity of the case and the type of Invisalign you will be using, most of the cases take around 12-14 months and some even longer. Each patient will have a different treatment period. 

Advantages Of Invisalign

The different advantages of using Invisalign are:

1. They are invisible, so it is not obvious when you smile.
2. Can be used no matter how severe the case, sometimes used in combination with dental crowns
3. Invisalign can be removed easily - hence making it easier for you to brush, floss and bite your food
4. The probability of having an injury is minimal as Invisalign does not use metal brackets and wires 
5. Requires fewer visits to the dental clinic
6. Less discomfort 
7. The effect can be seen at regular intervals. 

At Sakra World Hospital Bangalore,  we offer complete Invisalign treatment - we are among the best Invisalign treatment centers in Bangalore. Looking for an Invisalign treatment in Bangalore? Contact us and schedule an appointment, our dental professionals will examine your condition and suggest the required type of treatment.

How To Treat Bleeding Gums - Sakra Hospital

Bleeding gums are inflamed or irritated pink tissue around the mouth which bleed easily. Bleeding gums is a common problem of oral health. If your gums bleed while brushing or flossing, you might shrug it off thinking it is normal, but bleeding from the gums could at times signal an underlying problem.

Signs and symptoms of bleeding gums

1. Red coloured stain on your toothbrush after brushing.
2. Slight blood when chewing gums
3. Blood visible on teeth or lips.
4. When you spit out saliva blood traces can be seen.
5. Mouth Sores
6. Lump on gums
7. Loose teeth or teeth appear longer.
8. Receding gums
9. Excessive pain while chewing food or after eating crunchy foods.

Causes of Bleeding Gums

1. Brushing too vigorously
2. Using a toothbrush with hard bristles.
3. Dentures or retainers which are not fitted properly.
4. Bacterial infection in the tooth or gums.
5. Hereditary. 
6. Use of blood-thinning medicines 
7. Gum bleeding is also caused due to poor lifestyle such as poor eating habits. Consuming a lot of sugary foods and not maintaining proper dental hygiene as this makes way for the bacteria to grow and causes swollen gums.
8. Smoking irritates gums and leads to bleeding gums.
9. Sometimes pregnancy could also be the cause of bleeding gums

Treatment for Bleeding Gums - How to stop bleeding gums?

The main reason for bleeding gums is inadequate oral health care - Hence, oral care has to be given priority. There are ways which will help one to improve oral health care and get rid of bleeding gums.

1. Brushing regularly and Flossing Daily

Make sure you are using a soft-bristle toothbrush. Brushing twice a day for at least 2 minutes, this will help stimulate your gums, strengthen the tissues and prevent bleeding gums. Flossing helps in removing plaque and food particles stuck along the gum line which could otherwise lead to bleeding gums. Improving the method of flossing and changing the toothbrush every 2 months will contribute to keeping gums healthy. 

2. Quit smoking

In addition to heightening the risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke, smoking is also linked to gum disease. Smoking is a major cause of severe gum disease and can lower your body’s immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off plaque bacteria. 

3. Visit the Dentist Regularly

Regular cleaning at a dental clinic is very essential. The cleaning involves the removal of tartar and other plaques. Professional cleaning by a dentist at least twice a year prevents gum disease. 

4. Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle

Eating a proper and balanced diet is very important - avoid eating between meals. Eat food rich in vitamin C and K like oranges, carrots, spinach, etc. Reducing anxiety and stress can also help in preventing bleeding gums. How? There is a link between periodontal disease and emotional stress. Emotional stress has a negative impact on the immune system. This may result in weakening of the body’s defences to the point where it can’t fight gum infection.

5. Use of medications

Use antibiotics pills or antiseptic mouthwash to maintain your oral hygiene. In case the gums have become little inflamed but are not bleeding antibacterial mouthwash, toothpaste or oral gel can help you fight the onset of the infection and prevent bleeding gums.

6. Rinse your mouth with saltwater

Regularly rinsing the mouth with a mixture of warm salt water reduces bacteria and stops gum bleeding. If bleeding is from an injury or trauma, rinsing with a saltwater mixture also keeps your mouth clean and removes bacteria that could cause wound infection.
 

How to care for your baby's gums and emerging teeth

There’s nothing more heartwarming than a baby’s toothless grin. Except maybe the smile of a baby with healthy teeth and gums. After all, just because we call them ‘baby teeth’ doesn’t mean they don’t require dental care.

All babies are actually born with a complete set of these baby or ‘milk’ teeth. These early teeth are present within the gums and start to appear when the baby is about 6 to 10 months old, sometimes earlier and sometimes later. Hence it is very important to take good care of your baby’s gums.

How to keep your baby’s gums healthy?

Gums or gum pads are generally one of the most commonly neglected areas in terms of hygiene in babies, owing to assumptions of  ‘no teeth so no need to clean’.  On the contrary, it’s very important to keep them clean and healthy. Wiping them with a piece of gauze or muslin cloth dipped in plain water will help in wiping away any milk or food debris stuck on to the gums. Clean gum pads and good oral hygiene right from the beginning will ensure a positive environment for the erupting teeth in a later stage. 

What should you know about your baby’s first tooth?

Your baby’s first tooth can erupt anytime as early as 6-7 months or as late as 12-13 months. There is no ‘exact’ age that can be decided for the eruption of the first tooth and it will vary from one child to other.

Most often it will be the lower front teeth that will first appear in the mouth. During this period of eruption, there is a chance your child may show signs of irritation, frequent desire to bite things, putting hard objects into the mouth, redness of the gums, thumb-sucking, gum rubbing, rashes, etc. There can be loss of appetite, crying, increased salivation, drooling, irritability, wakefulness. This is normal and is referred to as teething. Give your child something cold to bite on, like a cold carrot or teething rings that are commercially available, but make sure that these toys are cleaned and sterilized before and after every use.

It is very important to keep the mouth clean at all times at this stage to prevent germs from staying in the mouth or travelling to the stomach. As soon as the first tooth erupts, you can start the brushing process. Parents should brush their child’s teeth twice a day with a soft, age-appropriate toothbrush and gentle toothpaste designed for infants and toddlers.

It would be ideal to visit a paediatric dentist at this age, as they will be able to guide you through the correct way of keeping your child’s mouth healthy. Remember that it is always better to initiate preventive procedures early on, rather than going through reparative procedures later due to neglect at this stage.

Another important thing to be aware of is that sometimes your child may be born with a tooth in the mouth or a tooth may appear within the first 2-3 months. In such a scenario, contact a pediatric dentist as soon as possible and they will guide you through the caretaking process.

7 signs that your child has a dental infection

The occurrence of cavities in children is considered a disease called EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES. Signs and symptoms include:

1. The appearance of a dark colour on the tooth (brown or black).
2. Sensitivity/pain on chewing food or eating sweet foods.
3. Severe toothache, toothache at night.
4. Swollen gums, small pus-filled swelling near the tooth on the gums.
5. Not allowing you to brush his/her teeth due to sensitivity, weakening or chipping of teeth.
6. Inability to eat, refraining from eating hard food items
7. In severe cases, fever with swelling that restricts normal functions of the mouth.

Remember that a child will not be able to express discomfort like an adult; therefore it is the responsibility of the parent to carefully note for any of the above changes at an early stage and bring it to the dentist’s notice.

Decay in children is not only because of sweets or chocolate. Consistent oral hygiene measures can avoid all kinds of dental infection.

Few things you may not know about paediatric dentistry

Paediatric dentistry is a branch of dentistry which is dedicated to providing care for children from infancy to adolescence. We also cater to children with any special healthcare needs.

Paediatric dentistry aims at providing preventive oral health care, to prevent cavities from occurring in the delicate milk teeth so that your children can grow into adults with a strong permanent set of teeth.

A lot of dental problems such as malalignment of teeth can be identified at an earlier age by the paediatric dentist and can be corrected early and the future need for braces or severity of orthodontic treatment may be reduced.

Since paediatric dentists are specially trained in handling children, the type of treatment and management of the patient in the clinic is very different from adults. We understand that kids are not merely ‘small adults’ and need a special kind of care. We also understand your concern as a parent and do our best to reassure and guide parents on good oral hygiene for their child.

Prevent gum disease for a perfect smile

Gingivitis is a condition in which there is inflammation of the gums or gingiva. It is caused by a layer of plaque or bacteria accumulating on the teeth. Gingivitis is a common type of periodontal disease. It can progress to a gum infection called periodontitis which is serious and can eventually lead to loss of teeth.

Signs of GINGIVITIS include red, swollen gums that bleed easily when the person brushes their teeth. Gingivitis treatment can be initiated by improving oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly. Gingivitis symptoms are mild in the beginning but the condition should be taken seriously and addressed immediately.

There are two main types of Gingival diseases:

1. Dental plaque-induced gum disease caused by plaque accumulation, medications or malnutrition.

2. Non-plaque induced gum disease which can - develop due to a number of different causes such as a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection; genetic factors, systemic conditions, wounds, or reactions to foreign bodies. 

Causes of Gingivitis

1. Gingivitis is a condition in which there is a build-up of bacterial plaque over the teeth. The plaque sets off an immune response which causes the destruction of gum tissue. As it progresses,  it can lead to further complications, including tooth decay and loss of teeth.

2. Dental plaque is a thin layer of biofilm that accumulates naturally on the teeth. This plaque is generated by bacteria that attempt to adhere to the tooth surface.

These biofilm bacteria might help to protect the mouth from the colonization of harmful microorganisms, but dental plaque can also cause tooth decay, and periodontal problems such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, a gum infection.

When plaque is not removed adequately, it turns into calculus, or tartar, which collects at the base of the teeth, near the gums. Tartar has a yellow colour and it can only be removed professionally by a periodontist.
Plaque and tartar irritate the gums, causing gum infection and inflammation around the base of the teeth which causes bleeding gums.

Other causes and risk factors

1. Hormonal changes: This may occur during puberty, menopause, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy. The gingiva might become more sensitive, raising the risk of inflammation.

2. Diseases: certain cancers, diabetes, heart disease, and autoimmune conditions.

3. Drugs: Oral health may be affected by some medications, especially if saliva flow is reduced. Dilantin, an anticonvulsant, and some antianginal medications can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue.

4. Smoking: Regular smokers more commonly develop gingivitis.

5. Age: The risk of gingivitis increases with age.

6. Poor diet: A vitamin-C deficiency is linked to gum disease.

7. Family history: Those with a family history of gingivitis have a higher risk of developing it. This is thought to be due to the type of bacteria we acquire during our early life.

Signs You Need to See a Periodontist

Do you think you might have the gum disease?  Take the Gum Disease Test!

How does gum disease arise?

When bacteria start to form along the gum line and between the teeth where it cannot be clearly seen is how gum disease is formed. As these bacteria start to multiply, they release toxins that can cause the gums to move away from teeth, exposing more of the teeth to plaque and tartar. This is one of the early stages of gum disease.
If not treated at an early stage and the bacteria spread to below the gum line and to the tooth area,  then it cannot be avoided with just brushing and flossing, as this is an advanced stage of gum disease where you can even lose a tooth.

How can I tell if I need to see a Periodontist?

Some of these symptoms or signs that you can look out for are:-

1. One of the first and most common signs of gum disease is when you brush and floss your gums become red and swollen or even start to bleed.

2. After you have brushed your teeth if you still have a bad breath or an unpleasant taste in your mouth it is a sign of the beginning of gum disease because the toxins released are which cause the bad breath or an unpleasant taste in your mouth.

3. Your gums start to pull away and form deep pockets between your teeth and gums.

4. Your teeth begin to shift out of their normal alignment or they feel loose.

5. You can notice changes in your bite pattern, as in your teeth become loose so they can cause differences in the way your mouth “feels” while biting or chewing food.

6. You can feel a lot of pain while eating. This is because the bacterial infection around your teeth has increased and when you bite down it puts pressure on the teeth which have the infection causing the pain.

7. When your gums start to pull away and your root area is exposed the teeth become very sensitive especially to extreme temperature and changes.

8. If you have a family history of gum disease, studies have shown some factors that contribute to gum disease may run in the family. If your parents, grandparents or a sibling have with gum disease, you should consult a periodontist

9. Dentists also say that smoking can also cause gum disease as it decreases the oxygen and nutrients needed for the gums to stay healthy. If they are not in optimal health, the gums cannot stop the infection or bacterial invasion making them more to the disease.

10. Diabetic patients tend to have high levels of sugar in their saliva and the bacteria that cause the gum disease thrive on sugar. Diabetes also decreases circulation to the gums to keep them healthy.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention says 50% of the adults above the age of 30 years have some form of gum disease.

Even if you are younger than 30 years or above 30 years of age, if you haven’t yet consulted a periodontist you should get your gums checked for the disease, and get the right gum disease treatment before the disease worsens.

Everything you should know about Dentures

A denture is a removable replacement for missing teeth and surrounding tissues. Two types of dentures are available -- complete and partial dentures. Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain.

Types of Dentures

1. Complete Dentures: can be either "conventional" or "immediate." Made after the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has begun to heal, a conventional denture is ready for placement in the mouth about eight to 12 weeks after the teeth have been removed.

Unlike conventional dentures, immediate dentures are made in advance and can be positioned as soon as the teeth are removed. As a result, the wearer does not have to be without teeth during the healing period. However, bones and gums shrink over time, especially during the healing period following tooth removal. Therefore a disadvantage of immediate dentures compared with conventional dentures is that they require more adjustments to fit properly during the healing process and generally should only be considered a temporary solution until conventional dentures can be made.

2. Partial Dentures: A removable partial denture or bridge usually consists of replacement teeth attached to a pink or gum-coloured plastic base, which is sometimes connected by metal framework that holds the denture in place in the mouth. Partial dentures are used when one or more natural teeth remain in the upper or lower jaw. A fixed bridge replaces one or more teeth by placing crowns on the teeth on either side of the space and attaching artificial teeth to them. This "bridge" is then cemented into place. Not only does a partial denture fill in the spaces created by missing teeth, but it also prevents other teeth from changing position. A precision partial denture is removable and has internal attachments rather than clasps that attach to the adjacent crowns. This is a more natural-looking appliance.

Are There Alternatives to Dentures?

Yes, dental implants can be used to support cemented bridges, eliminating the need for a denture. The cost is usually greater, but the implants and bridges more closely resemble the feel of real teeth. Dental implants are becoming the alternative to dentures but not everyone is a candidate for implants. Consult your dentist for advice.

How Are Dentures Made?

The denture development process takes a few weeks and several appointments. Once your dentist or prosthodontist (a dentist who specializes in the restoration and replacement of teeth) determines what type of appliance is best for you, the general steps are to:

1. Make a series of impressions of your jaw and take measurements of how your jaws relate to one another and how much space is between them.

2. Create models, wax forms, and/or plastic patterns in the exact shape and position of the denture to be made. You will "try-in" this model several times and the denture will be assessed for colour, shape, and fit before the final denture is cast.

3. Cast a final denture

4. Adjustments will be made as necessary

What Do New Dentures Feel Like?

New dentures may feel a little odd or loose for a few weeks until the muscles of the cheeks and tongue learn to keep them in place and you get comfortable inserting and removing them. Also, it is not unusual for minor irritation or soreness to occur and for saliva flow to increase when you first start wearing dentures, but these problems will diminish as the mouth adjusts.

Will Dentures Make Me Look Different?

Dentures are made to closely resemble your natural teeth so there should be only a small noticeable change in appearance. In fact, dentures may even improve your smile and fill out your facial appearance.

Will Eating With New Dentures Be Difficult?

Eating with new dentures will take a little practice and may be uncomfortable for some wearers for a few weeks. To get used to the new denture, start with soft foods cut into small pieces. Chew slowly using both sides of your mouth. As you get used to new dentures, add other foods until you return to a normal diet. Be cautious with hot or hard foods and sharp-edged bones or shells. And, avoid foods that are extremely sticky or hard. You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture. Also, don't use toothpicks while wearing dentures.

Will Dentures Change How I Speak?

After getting dentures, you may have difficulty pronouncing certain words. If so, practise by saying the difficult words out loud. With practice and with the time you will become accustomed to speaking properly with dentures.

If dentures "click" while you're talking, contact your dentist. Dentures may occasionally slip when you laugh, cough, or smile. Reposition the dentures by gently biting down and swallowing. If any speaking problem persists, consult your dentist or prosthodontist.

Are Dentures Worn 24 Hours a Day?

Your dentist or prosthodontist will instruct you as to how long to wear dentures and when to remove them. During the first several days after receiving your denture, you may be asked to wear it all the time, including while you sleep. Although this may be temporarily uncomfortable, it is the quickest way to identify the areas on the denture that may need adjustment. Once adjustments are made, you should remove dentures before going to bed. This allows gum tissues to rest and allows normal stimulation and cleansing by the tongue and saliva. The denture can be put back in the mouth in the morning.

Should I Use a Denture Adhesive?

A denture adhesive may be considered under the following circumstances:

1. To enhance satisfaction with a properly constructed denture. Adhesives enhance retention, stability, bite force, and an individual's sense of security.

2. To assist individuals with dry mouth conditions that lessen denture adherence, such as individuals taking cold medications, those with neurologic disabilities including strokes, and the elderly.

3. To provide added stability and security for those who place unusual demands on facial muscles, such as public speakers or musicians.

How Are Denture Adhesives Applied?

1. Here are some tips to consider when applying denture adhesives:

2. Use the minimum amount necessary to provide the maximum benefit. Apply less than you think you need, and then gradually increase the amount until you feel comfortable.

3. Distribute the adhesive evenly on the tissue bearing surface of the denture.

4. Apply or reapply when necessary to provide the desired effect.

5. Always apply the adhesive to a thoroughly clean denture.

6. Remember adhesives work best with a well-fitting denture.

What Are the Types of Denture Adhesives?

1. Paste application. Apply this denture adhesive to a dry or preferably wet denture. Avoid placing adhesive close to the denture borders. If the adhesive oozes, use less of the product. For dentures on the upper jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- along the ridge area and one down the centre. For dentures on the lower jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- in the centre of the ridge area.

2. Powder application. Sprinkle a thin, uniform layer throughout the tissue-bearing surface of the denture. Shake off excess powder and press the denture into place. Powders may be preferred over pastes because they are easier to clean off the denture and tissue. In addition, they don't have the same tendency as pastes do to "shim" (keep the denture away from the tissue).

Are Denture Adhesives Safe?

Dental adhesives are safe as long as they are used as directed. If the denture is well-fitting and the adhesive is only used to give added stability, there should be no ill effects. If adhesives are used excessively to fill voids for an ill-fitting denture, they can be harmful to the underlying soft and hard tissues. Occasionally, in these cases, inflammation of the soft tissues can result. In addition, because of its movement on the soft tissue and underlying bone, an ill-fitting denture can cause bone loss.